时域中的安德森局域化和莫特绝缘体相
Anderson localization and Mott insulator phase in the time domain
摘要：
空间周期势中的粒子是固体物理中研究晶体现象的标准模型。周期性驱动系统的时间周期性与固态晶体的空间周期性非常相似。有一个有趣的问题，如果固态现象可以观察到的时间域。本文证明了局域在周期驱动系统共振经典轨道上的波包是实现时域安德森局域化或莫特绝缘体相的理想元件。波包的均匀叠加形成周期性驱动粒子的定态。然而，一个额外的扰动，波动的时间导致在时间的无序和安德森局域化效应出现。转到多粒子系统，我们观察到，取决于粒子相互作用的强度，定态可以是玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体，也可以是单个福克态，其中一定数量的粒子占据了周期性演化的波包。我们的研究表明，在时域中可以观察到非平凡的类晶体现象。
英文摘要：
Particles in space periodic potentials constitute standard models for investigation of crystalline phenomena in solid state physics. Time periodicity of periodically driven systems is a close analogue of space periodicity of solid state crystals. There is an intriguing question if solid state phenomena can be observed in the time domain. Here we show that wave-packets localized on resonant classical trajectories of periodically driven systems are ideal elements to realize Anderson localization or Mott insulator phase in the time domain. Uniform superpositions of the wave-packets form stationary states of a periodically driven particle. However, an additional perturbation that fluctuates in time results in disorder in time and Anderson localization effects emerge. Switching to many-particle systems we observe that depending on how strong particle interactions are, stationary states can be Bose-Einstein condensates or single Fock states where definite numbers of particles occupy the periodically evolving wave-packets. Our study shows that non-trivial crystal-like phenomena can be observed in the time domain.
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