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arXiv 1502.01702astro-ph.IM
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没有背景扣除的系外行星直接成像:对ELT的影响

Direct Imaging of Exoplanets Without Background Subtraction: Implications for ELTs

Richard A. Frazin

摘要:

形成其他太阳系图像所需的超高对比度能力可以说是当今天文学中最引人注目的挑战。目前的高对比度成像工作都需要背景减除,以分离行星图像从主恒星的图像。背景估计是困难的,由于存在的非共路像差(NCPA)随时间变化。目前的努力没有利用的唯一主要信息来源是大气在毫秒时间尺度上对行星图像和NCPA的随机编码。在这里,提出了一种利用这些信息以完全避免背景减除的方法。这种新的范例将允许同时估计的时间依赖的NCPA和行星图像通过严格的统计推断程序。这些程序是完全兼容的其他信息来源,如昼夜场旋转和光谱多样性。考虑到背景减除问题的开放性,本文解释的想法可能是用超大望远镜(ELT)成像宜居行星的关键。如果要优先考虑超高对比度成像,充分利用毫秒曝光的信息内容将需要对ELT波前传感器和科学相机系统进行重大的设计修改。

英文摘要:

The ultra-high contrast capability required to form images of other solar systems is arguably the highest-profile challenge in astronomy today. The current high-contrast imaging efforts all require background subtraction to separate the planetary image from the image of the host star. Background estimation is difficult due to the presence of non-common path aberrations (NCPAs) that change with time. The only major source of information that is not being utilized by current efforts is the random encoding of the planetary image and the NCPAs by the atmosphere on millisecond time-scales. Here, a method that utilizes this information in order to avoid background subtraction altogether is proposed. This new paradigm will allow simultaneous estimation of the time-dependent NCPAs and the planetary image via rigorous statistical inference procedures. These procedures are fully compatible with other information sources, such as diurnal field rotation and spectral diversity. Given the open-ended nature of the background subtraction issues, the ideas explained herein may well the key to imaging habitable planets with Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs). Fully exploiting the information content of millisecond exposures will require significant design modifications of the ELT wavefront sensors and science camera systems, if ultra-high contrast imaging is to be priority.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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