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arXiv 1502.01168cond-mat.mes-hall
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纳米石墨烯中等离子体激元增强的非线性波混频

Plasmon-enhanced nonlinear wave mixing in nanostructured graphene

Joel D. Cox, F. Javier Garcia de Abajo

摘要:

金属纳米结构中的局域等离子体激元由于其能够将光集中和增强到极端亚波长尺度而被广泛用于增强非线性光学效应。作为贵金属纳米颗粒的替代品,石墨烯纳米结构可以承载长寿命的等离子体,这些等离子体有效地耦合到光,并且可以通过电掺杂进行主动调谐。在这里,我们表明,掺杂的石墨烯纳米岛提供了独特的机会,增强非线性光学波混合过程之间的两个外部施加的光场在纳米尺度。这些小岛可以支持多个频率的明显的等离子体激元,当输入或输出频率中的一个或多个与等离子体激元共振一致时,导致非常高的波混合磁化率。通过改变具有固定几何形状的纳米岛中的掺杂电荷密度,可以在可见光和近红外的宽光谱范围内实现增强的波混合。我们特别集中在二阶和三阶过程,包括和频和差频产生,以及四波混频。我们的计算扶手椅石墨烯三角形组成的多达几百个碳原子显示大的波混合极化率相比,类似的横向尺寸的金属纳米粒子,从而支持nanoglene作为一种优良的材料可调非线性光学纳米器件。

英文摘要:

Localized plasmons in metallic nanostructures have been widely used to enhance nonlinear optical effects due to their ability to concentrate and enhance light down to extreme-subwavelength scales. As alternatives to noble metal nanoparticles, graphene nanostructures can host long-lived plasmons that efficiently couple to light and are actively tunable via electrical doping. Here we show that doped graphene nanoislands present unique opportunities for enhancing nonlinear optical wave-mixing processes between two externally applied optical fields at the nanoscale. These small islands can support pronounced plasmons at multiple frequencies, resulting in extraordinarily high wave-mixing susceptibilities when one or more of the input or output frequencies coincide with a plasmon resonance. By varying the doping charge density in a nanoisland with a fixed geometry, enhanced wave mixing can be realized over a wide spectral range in the visible and near infrared. We concentrate in particular on second- and third-order processes, including sum and difference frequency generation, as well as on four-wave mixing. Our calculations for armchair graphene triangles composed of up to several hundred carbon atoms display large wave mixing polarizabilities compared with metal nanoparticles of similar lateral size, thus supporting nanographene as an excellent material for tunable nonlinear optical nanodevices.

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