负线性压缩率
Negative Linear Compressibility
摘要：
虽然所有材料在流体静力学（均匀）压缩下减小其固有体积，但在此致密化过程期间，所选择的少数材料实际上沿着一个或多个方向\emph{expand}。这种“负压缩性”行为虽然违反直觉，但却很少见，可应用于压力传感器、人工肌肉和致动器的设计。最近发现的令人惊讶的强大和持久的负压缩性效应在各种新的家庭的材料点燃了该领域。在这里，我们回顾了负压缩性的现象，在这种情况下的材料多样性，特别强调常见的结构图案，在已知的例子中反复出现。我们的目标是提出一个负压缩性的机械理解，这将有助于为未来的材料设计提供一个明确的策略。
英文摘要：
While all materials reduce their intrinsic volume under hydrostatic (uniform) compression, a select few actually \emph{expand} along one or more directions during this process of densification. As rare as it is counterintuitive, such "negative compressibility" behaviour has application in the design of pressure sensors, artificial muscles and actuators. The recent discovery of surprisingly strong and persistent negative compressibility effects in a variety of new families of materials has ignited the field. Here we review the phenomenology of negative compressibility in this context of materials diversity, placing particular emphasis on the common structural motifs that recur amongst known examples. Our goal is to present a mechanistic understanding of negative compressibility that will help inform a clear strategy for future materials design.
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