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arXiv 1411.0318astro-ph.GA
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具有可变IGIMF的星系的化学演化

The chemical evolution of galaxies with a variable IGIMF

S. Recchi, P. Kroupa

摘要:

标准的分析化学演化模型的星系一直假设恒星的初始质量函数(IMF)是不变的,并充分采样允许大质量恒星的分数,即使在矮星系的恒星形成率(SFR)非常低的贡献。最近的观测表明,恒星的积分星系初始质量函数(IGIMF),即银河系范围内的IMF,成为系统性的头重脚轻增加SFR。这已经被IGIMF理论预言,该理论在这里被用来发展星系化学演化的分析理论。该理论是非线性的,并且由于IGIMF对金属丰度和SFR的依赖性,需要隐式积分方程的迭代解。结果表明,星系的质量-金属丰度关系是自然出现的,尽管在低质量时,理论预言比观测值高出0.3- 0.4dex。只有考虑气体流动,才能得到与观测结果的良好一致性。特别是,我们能够重现Lee等人(2006)观察到的质量-金属丰度关系,具有适度的流入量和流出率,流出率作为银河系质量的函数而降低。拟合数据所需的流出率比具有不变IMF的模型所需的流出率小得多。

英文摘要:

Standard analytical chemical evolution modelling of galaxies has been assuming the stellar initial mass function (IMF) to be invariant and fully sampled allowing fractions of massive stars to contribute even in dwarf galaxies with very low star formation rates (SFRs). Recent observations show the integrated galactic initial mass function (IGIMF) of stars, i.e. the galaxy-wide IMF, to become systematically top-heavy with increasing SFR. This has been predicted by the IGIMF theory, which is here used to develop the analytical theory of the chemical evolution of galaxies. This theory is non-linear and requires the iterative solution of implicit integral equations due to the dependence of the IGIMF on the metallicity and on the SFR. It is shown that the mass-metallicity relation of galaxies emerges naturally, although at low masses the theoretical predictions overestimate the observations by 0.3--0.4 dex. A good agreement with the observation can be obtained only if gas flows are taken into account. In particular, we are able to reproduce the mass--metallicity relation observed by Lee et al. (2006) with modest amounts of infall and with an outflow rate which decreases as a function of the galactic mass. The outflow rates required to fit the data are considerably smaller than required in models with invariant IMFs.

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