星系的化学演化：过去、现在与未来
Chemical Evolution of Galaxies: Past, Present and Future
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中文总结 AI 辅助
介绍星系化学演化基本原理等，借助‘时间延迟模型’，从观测重建不同形态星系恒星形成历史，先述早期模型，再讲最新模型，最后展望化学模型未来改进及相关约束，助力理解星系演化。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
本文描述星系化学演化的基本原理、主要要素和不确定性。借助化学演化可进行星系考古，即从观测到的恒星和气体丰度重建星系尤其是银河系的恒星形成历史，这也是预测高红移星系行为的有力工具。采用‘时间延迟模型’解释[X/Fe]与[Fe/H]关系。接着阐述如何从现有观测重建不同形态星系的恒星形成历史，重点研究了银河系。先介绍早期化学演化模型，再说明最新模型，新旧模型主要区别在于与之对比的观测数据。最后展望化学模型未来改进及能得出的约束，以更好理解星系演化。
英文摘要
In this paper I will describe the basic principles of chemical evolution of galaxies, its main ingredients and uncertainties. By means of chemical evolution we can perform the so-called galactic archaeology, which consists in reconstructing the history of star formation of galaxies and in particular of the Milky Way, starting from the observed stellar and gas abundances. Galactic archaeology is a powerful tool to predict also the behaviour of galaxies at high redshift. In particular, we adopt the "time-delay model" which is a way of interpreting the [X/Fe] vs. [Fe/H] relations (X is the abundance of a specific chemical element) in terms of different timescales of the stellar progenitors of the chemical elements relative to Fe, which is the indicator of "metallicity". I will then describe how we can reconstruct the star formation histories of galaxies of different morphological type (spirals, ellipticals) starting from the available observations. Particular attention will be paid to the study of the Milky Way which is the best studied galaxy at the moment. I will start describing the first chemical evolution models and then the most recent ones, the main difference between the old and new models being the observational data to compare with. Finally, I will foresee which could be the future improvements to chemical models and what constraints can we derive to better understand galaxy evolution.
