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arXiv 1410.7612astro-ph.COastro-ph.HE
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电离星系际介质引起的致密射电源的散射加宽:用空间VLBI和SKA探测的前景

Scatter broadening of compact radio sources by the ionized intergalactic medium: Prospects for detection with Space VLBI and the SKA

J. Y. Koay, J. -P. Macquart

摘要:

我们调查的可行性检测和探测电离星系际介质(IGM)的各种成分和它们的湍流特性在无线电频率通过观测紧凑的源的散射加宽。有充分的理由进行有针对性的观测,以解决与前景星系晕和丰富星系团相交的紧凑背景源的散射增宽(其中角大小按$\sim ν^{-2}$缩放),以探测这些物体中电离气体的湍流,特别是使用基线为350,000公里、频率低于800 MHz的空间VLBI。平方公里阵列(SKA)的灵敏度允许对$\sim 100 \,μ$ Jy源的星际闪烁(ISS)进行多频调查,以检测IGM散射展宽到$\sim 1\, μ$,或对其施加非常强的约束,如5 GHz的尺度。即使使用空间VLBI或国际空间站,即使湍流的外尺度具有不太可能的低$\sim 1$ kpc值,也无法检测到具有典型$\sim 30$超密度的IGM的温热分量中的散射增宽。尽管如此,对于外尺度$\sim 1$ kpc,星系间散射展宽可以是1 GHz的$\sim 100\, μ$和5 GHz的$\sim 3\, μ$,假设源红移足够高,大多数视线在至少一个星系晕的维里半径内相交($10^{10} {\rm M}_\odot$和$10^{11} {\rm M}_\odot$系统的$z \gtrsim 0.5$和$z \gtrsim 1.4$,遵循McQuinn(2014))。利用SKA进行的空间VLBI和多波长国际空间站观测都可以很容易地检验这种情况,或者对这些区域湍流的外部尺度施加强有力的限制。

英文摘要:

We investigate the feasibility of detecting and probing various components of the ionized intergalactic medium (IGM) and their turbulent properties at radio frequencies through observations of scatter broadening of compact sources. There is a strong case for conducting targeted observations to resolve scatter broadening (where the angular size scales as $\sim ν^{-2}$) of compact background sources intersected by foreground galaxy haloes and rich clusters of galaxies to probe the turbulence of the ionized gas in these objects, particularly using Space VLBI with baselines of 350,000 km at frequencies below 800 MHz. The sensitivity of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) allows multifrequency surveys of interstellar scintillation (ISS) of $\sim 100 \,μ$Jy sources to detect or place very strong constraints on IGM scatter broadening down to $\sim 1\, μ$as scales at 5 GHz. Scatter broadening in the warm-hot component of the IGM with typical overdensities of $\sim 30$ cannot be detected, even with Space VLBI or ISS, and even if the outer scales of turbulence have an unlikely low value of $\sim 1$ kpc. Nonetheless, intergalatic scatter broadening can be of order $\sim 100\, μ$as at 1 GHz and $\sim 3\, μ$as at 5 GHz for outer scales $\sim 1$ kpc, assuming a sufficiently high source redshift that most sight-lines intersect within a virial radius of at least one galaxy halo ($z \gtrsim 0.5$ and $z \gtrsim 1.4$ for $10^{10} {\rm M}_\odot$ and $10^{11} {\rm M}_\odot$ systems, following McQuinn (2014)). Both Space VLBI and multiwavelength ISS observations with the SKA can easily test such a scenario, or place strong constraints on the outer scale of the turbulence in such regions.

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