Interstellar bubbles appear to be smaller in observations than expected from calculations. Instabilities at the shell boundaries create three-dimensional ef- fects, and are probably responsible for part of this discrepancy. We investigate instabilities and dynamics in superbubbles by 3D hydrodynamics simulations with time-resolved energy input from massive stars, including the supernova explosions. We find that the superbubble shells are accelerated by supernova explosions, coincident with substantial brightening in soft X-ray emission. In between the explosions, the superbubbles lose energy efficiently, approaching the momentum-conserving snowplow limit. This and enhanced radiative losses due to instabilities reduce the expansion compared to the corresponding radiative bubbles in pressure-driven snowplow models with constant energy input. We note generally good agreement with observations of superbubbles and some open issues. In particular, there are hints that the shell velocities in the X-ray-bright phases is underpredicted.
Segmenting Superbubbles in a Simulated Multiphase Interstellar Medium using Computer Vision
University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus（不列颠哥伦比亚大学奥肯那根校区）；Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory, Herzberg Research Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, National Research Council Canada（加拿大国家研究委员会赫茨伯格天文学与天体物理学研究中心自治领射电天体物理观测台）；University of Western Ontario（西安大略大学）；University of Calgary（卡尔加里大学）
Supernova origin of galactic turbulence revealed by superbubbles
New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Department of Astronomy, Tsinghua University（新基石科学实验室，清华大学天文系）；School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学天文与空间科学学院）；National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院国家天文台）；Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University（北京师范大学前沿天文与天体物理研究所）；Max Planck Institute for Astronomy（马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所）；Dept. of Astrophysics, American Museum of Natural History（美国自然历史博物馆天体物理系）；School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University（南京大学天文与空间科学学院）；Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education（教育部现代天文与天体物理重点实验室（南京大学））；Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy (MPIfR)（马克斯·普朗克射电天文研究所）；Department of Astronomy, Tsinghua University（清华大学天文系）；Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute（韩国天文与空间科学研究院）；The Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University（北京大学柯瓦利天文与天体物理研究所）；Department of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University（北京大学物理学院天文系）；Center for Combustion Energy and School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University（清华大学燃烧能源中心及航空航天学院）；LIRA, Observatoire de Paris, Universite PSL, CNRS（巴黎天文台，PSL大学，法国国家科学研究中心，LIRA实验室）
A large, long-lived, slowly-expanding superbubble across the Perseus Arm
South-Western Institute for Astronomy Research, Yunnan University（云南大学西南天文研究所）；Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University（北京师范大学前沿天文与天体物理研究院）；School of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University（北京师范大学物理与天文学院）；National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院国家天文台）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University（卡迪夫大学物理与天文学院）；Centre for Astrophysics Research, School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire（赫特福德大学物理、天文与数学学院天体物理研究中心）
Superbubble dynamics in globular cluster infancy II. Consequences for secondary star formation in the context of self-enrichment via fast rotating massive stars
