Deep mid-infrared (10-20 $μ$m) images with sub-arcsec resolution were obtained for two Herbig Be stars, MWC 1080 and HD 259431, to probe their immediate environments. Our goal is to understand the origin of the diffuse nebulosities observed around these two very young objects. By analyzing our new mid-IR images and comparing them to published data at other wavelengths, we demonstrate that the well extended emission around MWC 1080 traces neither a disk nor an envelope, but rather the surfaces of a cavity created by the outflow from MWC 1080A, the primary star of the MWC 1080 system. In the N-band images, the filamentary nebulosities trace the hourglass-shaped gas cavity wall out to $\sim$0.15 pc. This scenario reconciles the properties of the MWC 1080 system revealed by a wide range of observations. Our finding confirms that the environment around MWC 1080, where a small cluster is forming, is strongly affected by the outflow from the central Herbig Be star. Similarities observed between the two subjects of this study suggest that the filamentary emission around HD 259431 may arise from a similar outflow cavity structure, too.
Herbig Ae/Be stars represent the early outcomes of star formation and the initial stages of planet formation at intermediate stellar masses. Understanding both of these processes requires detailed characterization of their disk structures and companion frequencies. We present new 3.7 micron imaging of the Herbig Be star MWC 297 from non-redundant masking observations on the phase-controlled, 23-m Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer. The images reveal complex disk structure on the scales of several au, as well as a companion candidate. We discuss physical interpretations for these features…
We present near-infrared AMBER (R = 12, 000) and CRIRES (R = 100, 000) observations of the Herbig B[e] star MWC297 in the hydrogen Br-gamma-line. Using the VLTI unit telescopes, we obtained a uv-coverage suitable for aperture synthesis imaging. We interpret our velocity-resolved images as well as the derived two-dimensional photocenter displacement vectors, and fit kinematic models to our visibility and phase data in order to constrain the gas velocity field on sub-AU scales. The measured continuum visibilities constrain the orientation of the near-infrared-emitting dust disk, where we determi…
We report the discovery of a low-mass stellar companion around the young Herbig Be star MWC 297. We performed multi-epoch high-contrast imaging in the near infrared (NIR) with the Very Large Telescope (VLT)/Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet REsearch (SPHERE) instrument. The companion is found at projected separation of 244.7$\pm$13.2 au and a position angle of 176.4$\pm$0.1 deg. The large separation supports formation via gravitational instability. From the spectrum, we estimate a mass of 0.1-0.5 M$_{\odot}$, the range conveying uncertainties in the extinction of the companion and i…
Herbig stars can be classified into group I and group II depending on the shape of the far-IR excess from the spectral energy distribution. This separation may be evolutionary and related to the vertical structure of these disks. We aim to determine the emission height of Herbig disks and compare the resulting vertical extent of both groups. ALMA Band 6 observations of 12CO emission lines at sufficient velocity and spatial resolution of eight Herbig disks (four group I and four group II sources) are used to determine the emission heights from the channel maps via geometrical methods developed …
In order to look for signs of on-going planet formation in young disks, we carried out the first J-band polarized emission imaging of the Herbig Ae/Be stars HD 150193, HD 163296, and HD 169142 using the Gemini Planet Imager (GPI), along with new H band observations of HD 144432. We confirm the complex "double ring" structure for the nearly face-on system HD 169142 first seen in H-band, finding the outer ring to be substantially redder than the inner one in polarized intensity. Using radiative transfer modeling, we developed a physical model that explains the full spectral energy distribution (…
To reveal the origins of diffuse H-alpha emissions observed around the Herbig star MWC 1080, we have performed a high-resolution near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic observation using the Immersion GRating INfrared Spectrograph (IGRINS). In the NIR H and K bands, we detected various emission lines (six hydrogen Brackett lines, seven H2 lines, and an [Fe II] line) and compared their spatial locations with the optical (H-alpha and [S II]) and radio (13CO and CS) line maps. The shock-induced H2 and [Fe II] lines indicate the presence of multiple outflows, consisting of at least three, associated you…
Context: Stellar evolution models are highly dependent on accurate mass estimates, especially for high-mass stars in the early stages of evolution. The most direct method for obtaining model-independent masses is derivation from the orbit of close binaries. Aims: To derive the first astrometric+RV orbit solution for the single-lined spectroscopic binary MWC 166 A, based on CHARA and VLTI near-infrared interferometry over multiple epochs and ~100 archival radial velocity measurements, and to derive fundamental stellar parameters from this orbit. We also sought to model circumstellar activity in…
Time-variable Scattered Light in Herbig Disks Observed with Subaru/SCExAO
University of Victoria（维多利亚大学）；The University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学）；Peking University（北京大学）；Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University（北京大学科维理天文与天体物理研究所）；Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy & Astrophysics (ASIAA)（中央研究院天文及天文物理研究所）；National Institutes of Natural Sciences（国立自然科学研究所）；Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie（马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所）；NRC Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics（加拿大国家研究委员会赫茨伯格天文学和天体物理学研究所）；University of Maryland, Baltimore County（马里兰大学巴尔的摩县分校）；NASA-GSFC（美国国家航空航天局戈达德太空飞行中心）
We analyze high-resolution UV spectra of a small sample of Herbig Ae/Be stars (HAEBES) in order to explore the origin of the $T\sim10^5$ K gas in these stars. The C IV 1548,1550 Å line luminosities are compared to non--simultaneous accretion rate estimates for the objects showing C IV emission. We show that the correlation between $L_{CIV}$ and $\dot{M}$ previously established for classical T Tauri stars (CTTSs) seems to extend into the HAEBE mass regime, although the large spread in literature $\dot{M}$ and $A_V$ values makes the actual relationship highly uncertain. With the exception of DX …
Aims. We study a sample of eight B[e] stars with uncertain evolutionary status to shed light on the origin of their circumstellar dust. Methods. We performed a diagnostic analysis on the spectral energy distribution beyond infrared wavelengths, and conducted a census of neighboring region of each target to ascertain its evolutionary status. Results. In comparison to pre-main sequence Herbig stars, these B[e] stars show equally substantial excess emission in the near-infrared, indicative of existence of warm dust, but much reduced excess at longer wavelengths, so the dusty envelopes should be c…
We report and analyse FIR observations of two Herbig Be stars, R Mon and PDS 27, obtained with Herschel's instruments PACS and SPIRE. We construct SEDs and derive the infrared excess. We extract line fluxes from the PACS and SPIRE spectra and construct rotational diagrams in order to estimate the excitation temperature of the gas. We derive CO, [OI] and [CI] luminosities to determine physical conditions of the gas, as well as the dominant cooling mechanism. We confirm that the Herbig Be stars are surrounded by remnants from their parental clouds, with an IR excess that mainly originates in a d…
The deuterium enrichment of molecules is sensitive to their formation environment. Constraining patterns of deuterium chemistry in protoplanetary disks is therefore useful for probing how material is inherited or reprocessed throughout the stages of star and planet formation. We present ALMA observations at $\sim0.6"$ resolution of DCO$^+$, H$^{13}$CO$^+$, DCN, and H$^{13}$CN in the full disks around T Tauri stars AS 209 and IM Lup, the transition disks around T Tauri stars V4046 Sgr and LkCa 15, and the full disks around Herbig Ae stars MWC 480 and HD 163296. We also present ALMA observations…
Z CMa is a complex pre-main sequence binary with a current separation of 100 mas, known to consist of an FU Orionis star (SE component) and an embedded Herbig Be star (NW component). Immediately when the late-2008 outburst of Z CMa was announced to the community, we initiated a high angular resolution imaging campaign with VLT/NaCo, Keck/NIRC2, VLT/SINFONI, and Keck/OSIRIS which aimed at characterizing the outburst of both components of the system in the near-infrared. We confirm that the NW star dominates the system flux in the 1.1-3.8 microns range and is responsible for the photometric outb…
