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arXiv 1409.4480astro-ph.CO
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第一个星系的莱曼-阿尔法特征

The Lyman-alpha signature of the first galaxies

Aaron Smith, Chalence Safranek-Shrader, Volker Bromm, Miloš Milosavljević

摘要:

我们提出了宇宙莱曼- $α$转移代码(COLT),一个大规模并行蒙特卡罗辐射转移代码,模拟莱曼- $α$(Ly $α$)共振散射通过中性氢作为第一个星系的探针。我们探讨了相互作用的中心产生的LY $α$辐射与宿主星系的环境。LY $α$光子从发光的星爆区域发出逃逸的线轮廓的特征取决于密度分布,电离结构,和体积速度场。例如,各向异性电离在靠近线中心处呈现高峰,并具有逐渐下降的倾斜尾部。第一个星系的理想化模型探讨了质量,各向异性H II区域和辐射压力驱动风对Ly $α$观测值的影响。我们采用网格细化来解决关键结构。我们还后处理的从头算宇宙学模拟和检查在1兆秒差距$^3$共动体积内的各种逃逸距离捕获的图像。最后,我们讨论了这些对象的高$z$观测的背景下,出射光谱和表面亮度轮廓。第一个星系可能会通过Ly $α$线的红色阻尼翼被观察到。观测将偏向于具有远离线中心的固有红色峰值的星系,这些星系位于广泛的H II超级气泡中,这使得哈勃流能够充分红移光子远离线中心,并促进通过星系际介质(IGM)的传输。即使有引力透镜来提高亮度,这项初步工作表明,$M_{\rm vir}<10^9~{\rm M}_\odot$晕内星团的Ly $α$辐射通常太微弱,詹姆斯韦伯太空望远镜(JWST)无法探测到。

英文摘要:

We present the Cosmic Lyman-$α$ Transfer code (COLT), a massively parallel Monte-Carlo radiative transfer code, to simulate Lyman-$α$ (Ly$α$) resonant scattering through neutral hydrogen as a probe of the first galaxies. We explore the interaction of centrally produced Ly$α$ radiation with the host galactic environment. Ly$α$ photons emitted from the luminous starburst region escape with characteristic features in the line profile depending on the density distribution, ionization structure, and bulk velocity fields. For example, anisotropic ionization exhibits a tall peak close to line centre with a skewed tail that drops off gradually. Idealized models of first galaxies explore the effect of mass, anisotropic H II regions, and radiation pressure driven winds on Ly$α$ observables. We employ mesh refinement to resolve critical structures. We also post-process an ab initio cosmological simulation and examine images captured at various escape distances within the 1 Mpc$^3$ comoving volume. Finally, we discuss the emergent spectra and surface brightness profiles of these objects in the context of high-$z$ observations. The first galaxies will likely be observed through the red damping wing of the Ly$α$ line. Observations will be biased toward galaxies with an intrinsic red peak located far from line centre that reside in extensive H II super bubbles, which allows Hubble flow to sufficiently redshift photons away from line centre and facilitate transmission through the intergalactic medium (IGM). Even with gravitational lensing to boost the luminosity this preliminary work indicates that Ly$α$ emission from stellar clusters within haloes of $M_{\rm vir}<10^9~{\rm M}_\odot$ is generally too faint to be detected by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).

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