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arXiv 1409.2847astro-ph.HE
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超暴期间中子星振荡模的发现

Discovery of a Neutron Star Oscillation Mode During a Superburst

Tod Strohmayer, Simin Mahmoodifar

摘要:

中子星是宇宙中最紧凑的物体之一,为研究冷超密度物质提供了独特的实验室。例如,虽然星震学可以提供对恒星内部的强有力探测,日震学提供了对太阳内部的前所未有的了解,但中子星地震学的类似能力尚未实现。在这里,我们报告的相干X射线调制的发现,从中子星4U 1636-536在2001年2月22日热核超暴看到与美国宇航局的罗西X射线定时探测器(RXTE),这是很可能产生的全球振荡模式。观测到的频率为835.6440 ± 0.0002 Hz(恒星自旋频率582.14323 Hz的1.43546倍),调制由正弦曲线(A + Bsin(p-p0))很好地描述,分数半振幅为B/A = 0.19 ± 0.04%(4-15 keV)。所观察到的频率是一致的旋转修改的表面g-模式,在海洋-地壳界面的界面模式或可能的r-模式的预期惯性系频率。观察惯性系频率(与同向旋转系频率相反)似乎与超级爆发从中子星整个表面产生的热辐射一致,并且该模式可能通过扰动局部表面温度而变得可见。我们简要讨论了模式探测对中子星投影速度和质量的影响。我们的结果提供了进一步的有力证据,全球振荡模式可以产生可观察到的调制的X射线通量从中子星。

英文摘要:

Neutron stars are among the most compact objects in the universe and provide a unique laboratory for the study of cold ultra-dense matter. While asteroseismology can provide a powerful probe of the interiors of stars, for example, helioseismology has provided unprecedented insights about the interior of the sun, comparable capabilities for neutron star seismology have not yet been achieved. Here we report the discovery of a coherent X-ray modulation from the neutron star 4U 1636-536 during the February 22, 2001 thermonuclear superburst seen with NASA's Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) that is very likely produced by a global oscillation mode. The observed frequency is 835.6440 +- 0.0002 Hz (1.43546 times the stellar spin frequency of 582.14323 Hz) and the modulation is well described by a sinusoid ( A + Bsin(p - p0) ) with fractional half-amplitude of B/A = 0.19 +- 0.04% (4-15 keV). The observed frequency is consistent with the expected inertial frame frequency of a rotationally-modified surface g-mode, an interfacial mode in the ocean-crust interface or perhaps an r-mode. Observing an inertial frame frequency--as opposed to a co-rotating frame frequency--appears consistent with the superburst's thermal emission arising from the entire surface of the neutron star, and the mode may become visible by perturbing the local surface temperature. We briefly discuss the implications of the mode detection for the neutron star's projected velocity and mass. Our results provide further strong evidence that global oscillation modes can produce observable modulations in the X-ray flux from neutron stars.

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