中子星上异常长热核暴的目录
A catalogue of unusually long thermonuclear bursts on neutron stars
AI总结：
本文通过系统分析多颗X射线卫星数据，建立了包含84个中子星长热核暴的目录，并提出三项判据区分中等持续时间暴与超级暴，显著扩充了MINBAR样本。
摘要：
罕见的、高能的（长）热核（I型）X射线暴根据其持续时间被分为中等持续时间暴和超级暴。持续数分钟至数十分钟的中等持续时间暴被认为源于相对较厚（10^10 g/cm2）的氦层的热核失控，而持续数小时的超级暴则归因于下方碳层的爆轰。我们提出了一个包含来自40个低质量X射线双星的84个长热核暴的目录，并根据一组新的判据将其与更频繁的短暴区分开来。这三个判据是：（1）总能量释放大于10^40 erg，（2）光球半径膨胀阶段长于10秒，以及（3）暴时标长于70秒。本工作基于对使用INTEGRAL、RXTE、Swift、BeppoSAX、MAXI和NICER发现的70个暴以及文献中使用早期X射线仪器探测到的14个长暴进行的全面系统分析。对于每个暴，我们测量其峰值流量和注量，这最终使我们能够确认中等持续时间暴和超级暴之间的区别。此外，我们列出了18个仅部分满足上述纳入判据的暴，它们可能弥合正常暴和中等持续时间暴之间的差距。通过这个目录，我们显著增加了纳入MINBAR的长持续时间暴的数量，从而为进一步研究这些罕见的X射线暴提供了大量样本。
英文摘要：
Rare, energetic (long) thermonuclear (Type I) X-ray bursts are classified either as intermediate-duration or superbursts, based on their duration. Intermediate-duration bursts lasting a few to tens of minutes are thought to arise from the thermonuclear runaway of a relatively thick (10^10 g/cm2) helium layer, while superbursts lasting hours are attributed to the detonation of an underlying carbon layer. We present a catalogue of 84 long thermonuclear bursts from 40 low-mass X-ray binaries, and defined from a new set of criteria distinguishing them from the more frequent short bursts. The three criteria are: (1) a total energy release larger than 10^40 erg, (2) a photospheric radius expansion phase longer than 10 s, and (3) a burst time-scale longer than 70 s. This work is based on a comprehensive systematic analysis of 70 bursts found with INTEGRAL, RXTE, Swift, BeppoSAX, MAXI, and NICER, as well as 14 long bursts from the literature that were detected with earlier generations of X-ray instruments. For each burst, we measure its peak flux and fluence, which eventually allows us to confirm the distinction between intermediate-duration bursts and superbursts. Additionally, we list 18 bursts that only partially meet the above inclusion criteria, possibly bridging the gap between normal and intermediate-duration bursts. With this catalogue, we significantly increase the number of long-duration bursts included in the MINBAR and thereby provide a substantial sample of these rare X-ray bursts for further study.
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