Lightest pseudoscalar (P= pi^0, eta, eta') exchange contribution to the light-by-light (LbL) scattering piece of the muon anomaly, a_mu=(g_mu-2)/2, has been evaluated using a resonance chiral Lagrangian (RχL). Best description of pion transition form-factor (TFF) data is obtained with only tiny violations of one of the relations in the minimal consistent set of short-distance constraints on the anomalous RχL couplings. eta^{(')} TFF, predicted in terms of the pi TFF and the eta-eta^' mixing, are in good agreement with measurements. With this input, we obtain a_mu^{P,LbL} = (10.47\pm0.54)x10^-10, consistent with the reference determinations in the literature, albeit with smaller error.
The light-by-light contribution from the lightest neutral pseudoscalar and scalar mesons to the anomalous magnetic moment of muon is calculated in the framework of the nonlocal SU(3)x SU(3) quark model. The model is based on chirally symmetric four-quark interaction of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio type and Kobayashi-Maskawa-t`Hooft U_A(1) breaking six-quark interaction. Full kinematic dependence of vertices with off-shell mesons and photons in intermediate states in the light-by-light scattering amplitude is taken into account. The small positive contributions from the scalar mesons stabilize the to…
Starting from a phenomenologically successful, numerical solution of the Dyson-Schwinger equation that governs the quark propagator, we reconstruct in detail the interaction kernel that has to enter the instantaneous approximation to the Bethe-Salpeter equation to allow us to describe the lightest pseudoscalar mesons as quark-antiquark bound states exhibiting the (almost) masslessness necessary for them to be interpretable as the (pseudo) Goldstone bosons related to the spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking of quantum chromodynamics.
The interactions between the f_0(980) and a_0(980) scalar resonances and the lightest pseudoscalar mesons are studied. We first obtain the interacting kernels, without including any ad hoc free parameter, because the lightest scalar resonances are dynamically generated. These kernels are unitarized, giving the final amplitudes, which generate pseudoscalar resonances, associated with the K(1460), π(1300), π(1800), η(1475) and X(1835). We also consider the exotic channels with I=3/2 and I^G=1^+ quantum numbers. The former could be also resonant in agreement with a previous prediction.
Within the Bethe-Salpeter formalism for instantaneous interactions, we describe, along a totally analytic route, the lightest pseudoscalar mesons by quark-antiquark bound states which show at least three indispensable general features, namely, the (almost) masslessness required for pions and kaons to be interpretable as (pseudo) Goldstone bosons, the suitable asymptotic behaviour in the limit of large spacelike relative momenta as determined by the relationship between quark mass function and Bethe-Salpeter amplitudes, and a pointwise behaviour for finite spacelike relative momenta suited for …
Within our description of Goldstone-type pseudoscalar mesons as almost massless bound states of quark and antiquark by a three-dimensional bound-state equation of Bethe-Salpeter origin, taking into account the pointwise behaviour of the full light-quark propagators enables to characterize the effective interquark interactions more precisely than earlier studies exploiting just specific aspects.
We investigate the decoupling properties of the Higgs-sector-induced one-loop corrections in the lightest Higgs-boson self-couplings, in the framework of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). The renormalized n-point vertex functions with external Higgs particles in the MSSM and in the SM are derived to the one-loop level and compared in the MA >> MZ limit. The computation has been done in a general R_{xi} gauge and the on-shell renormalization scheme is chosen. By a comparison of the renormalized lightest Higgs-boson h^0 vertex functions with respect to the corresponding SM ones, …
We consider the supersymmetric extension of the 3-3-1 model with right-handed neutrinos. We study the mass spectra in the scalar and pseudoscalar sectors, and for a given set of the input parameters, we find that the lightest scalar in the model has a mass of 130 GeV and the lightest pseudoscalar has mass of 5 GeV. However, this pseudoscalar decouples from the $Z^0$ at high energy scales since it is almost a singlet under $SU(2)_L\otimes U(1)_Y$.
We calculate the branching ratios of the lightest pseudoscalar glueball with a mass of 2.6 GeV predicted by lattice QCD by using a chiral Lagrangian. This study is relevant in view of the planned PANDA experiment at the upcoming FAIR facility, which will measure the energy range in which the pseudoscalar glueball is predicted to exist.
We have studied the $P\toγ^\starγ^\star$ form factor in Resonance Chiral Theory, with $P = π^0,η,η'$, to compute the contribution of the pseudoscalar pole to the hadronic light-by-light piece of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. In this work we allow the leading $U(3)$ chiral symmetry breaking terms, obtaining the most general expression for the form factor of order $\mathcal{O}(m_P^2)$. The parameters of the Effective Field Theory are obtained by means of short distance constraints on the form factor and matching with the expected behavior from QCD. Those parameters that cannot be fi…
We have studied the $P\toγ^\starγ^\star$ form factor in Resonance Chiral Theory, with $P = π^0ηη'$, to compute the contribution of the pseudoscalar pole to the hadronic light-by-light piece of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. In this work we allow the leading $U(3)$ chiral symmetry breaking terms, obtaining the most general expression for the form factor up to $\mathcal{O}(m_P^2)$. The parameters of the Effective Field Theory are obtained by means of short distance constraints on the form factor and matching with the expected behavior from QCD. Those parameters that cannot be fixed i…
We study a class of realizations of the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model that is motivated by dark matter and Higgs data, and in which the lightest pseudoscalar Higgs boson mass is smaller than twice the bottom quark mass and greater than twice the tau lepton mass. In such scenarios, the lightest pseudoscalar Higgs boson can be copiously produced at the LHC from the decay of heavier superpartners and will dominantly further decay into a pair of tau leptons that is generally boosted. We make use of a boosted object tagging technique designed to tag such a ditau jet, and estimate th…
We study the interactions between the f_0(980) and a_0(980) scalar resonances and the lightest pseudoscalar mesons. We first obtain the elementary interaction amplitudes, or interacting kernels, without including any ad hoc free parameter. This is achieved by using previous results on the nature of the lightest scalar resonances as dynamically generated from the rescattering of S-wave two-meson pairs. Afterwards, the interaction kernels are unitarized and the final S-wave amplitudes result. We find that these interactions are very rich and generate a large amount of pseudoscalar resonances tha…
We employ a mathematical framework based on rational approximants in order to calculate meson form factors. The method profits from unitary, is systematic and data based, and is able to ascribe a systematic uncertainty which provides for the desired model independence. Two examples are discussed: the transition form factor entering the pseudoscalar-pole piece of the hadronic light-by-light contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, and the $B \to π$ form factor participating the $B\toπ\ellν_{\ell}$ differential branching ratios which allows to determine the $|V_{ub}|$ CKM param…
We explore the potential of the Large Hadron Collider to observe the h1 -> a1 a1 -> 4 muons signal from the lightest scalar Higgs boson (h1) decaying into the two lightest pseudoscalar Higgs bosons (a1), followed by their decays into four muons in the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM). The signature under study applies to the region of the NMSSM parameter space in which m_a1 < 2 m_tau, which has not been studied previously. In such a scenario, the suggested strategy of searching for a four-muon signal with the appropriate background suppression would provide a powerful meth…
The linear sigma model with broken U3xU3 is compared with data on the lightest scalar and pseudoscalar mesons. When 5 of the 6 parameters are fixed by the pseudoscalar masses and decay constants one finds that, already at the tree level, a reasonable description for the 4 scalar masses, mixing and up to 8 tri-linear couplings of lightest scalars, taken as a0(980), f0(980), sigma(500) and K*0(1430). This clearly indicates that these scalars are the chiral partners of the pi, eta, eta', K and strongly suggests that they like the latter are (unitarized) quark-antiquark states.
We present a simple supersymmetric model where the dominant decay mode of the lightest Higgs boson is h->2eta->4c where eta is a light pseudoscalar and c is the charm quark. For such decays the Higgs mass can be smaller than 100 GeV without conflict with experiment. Together with the fact that both the Higgs and the pseudoscalar eta are pseudo-Goldstone bosons, this resolves the little hierarchy problem.
We have studied the interactions of the scalar resonances f_0(980) and a_0(980) with the vector resonance ϕ(1020) and with the lightest pseudoscalars π, K, ηand η'. We first obtain the interaction kernels without including any new free parameter. Afterwards, the interaction kernels are unitarized and the final S-wave amplitudes result. We find that these interactions are very rich and generate a large amount of pseudoscalar resonances including the K(1460), π(1300), π(1800), η(1475) and X(1835) resonances. The f_0(980)ϕ(1020) self-interactions give rise to the ϕ(2170) resonance. For realistic …
The discovery of a light, singlet-like pseudoscalar Higgs boson, $A_1$, of the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM) could provide a hallmark signature of non-minimal supersymmetry. We review here the potential of the LHC to probe such a light $A_1$ in the decays of one of the heavier scalar Higgs bosons of the NMSSM. We find the production of pairs of the $A_1$, with a mass below 60 GeV or so, via decays of the two lightest scalar states to be especially promising, for an integrated luminosity as low as 30/fb. For heavier masses, the decay of the heaviest scalar into a $Z$ bos…
After the discovery of the 125 GeV Higgs boson, the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM) has become more interesting as a model for new physics since new tree-level contributions to the Higgs mass makes it easier to accommodate the relatively high measured value, as compared to the MSSM. One very distinctive feature of the NMSSM is the possible existence of a light singlet-like pseudoscalar. As this pseudoscalar may be lighter than the discovered Higgs boson without conflict with data, it may lead to LHC signatures rather different to what is usually searched for in terms of n…
In this thesis we discuss a rational and data-based description of the single- and double-virutal transition form factors of the lightest pseudoscalar mesons. We obtain an accurate description of these in the spacelike and low-energy timelike regions. The phenomenological applications are wide. Among them, we discuss, the eta-eta' mixing, the rare pseudoscalar decays into a lepton pair and the pseudoscalar-pole contribution to the hadronic light-by-light part of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. In all these cases we discuss and illustrate the relevance of employing a data-based appro…
Describing the lightest pseudoscalar mesons as bound states of quark and antiquark within the framework of an instantaneous Bethe-Salpeter formalism constructed such as to retain (in contrast to Salpeter's equation) as much information on the relativistic effects provided by the full quark propagator as conceivable allows for a surprisingly simple implementation of their near masslessness mandatory for their interpretability as pseudo-Goldstone bosons related to the spontaneous breaking of the chiral symmetries of quantum chromodynamics.
We consider the lambda-SUSY model, a version of the NMSSM with large lambda H_1 H_2 S coupling, relaxing the approximation of large singlet mass and negligible mixing of the scalar singlet with the scalar doublets. We show that there are regions of the parameter space in which the lightest pseudoscalar can be relatively light, with unusual consequences on the decay pattern of the CP-even Higgs bosons and thus on the LHC phenomenology.
We employ a mathematical framework based on rational approximants in order to calculate the pseudoscalar-pole piece of the hadronic light-by-light contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, $a_μ^{\textrm{HLbL};P}$. The method is systematic and data based, profiting from over 13 different collaborations, and able to ascribe, for the first time, a systematic uncertainty which provides for the model independence. As a result, we obtain $a_μ^{\textrm{HLbL};P}=94.3(5.3) \times10^{-11}$, which uncertainty is well below the one foreseen at future experiments measuring the $(g_μ-2)$.
The $π^0$, $η$, and $η^\prime$ transition form factors in the space-like region are analyzed at low and intermediate energies in a model-independent way through the use of rational approximants. Slope and curvature parameters as well as their values at infinity are extracted from experimental data. These results are suited for constraining hadronic models such as the ones used for the hadronic light-by-light scattering piece of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, and for the mixing parameters of the $η- η^\prime$ system.
The Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM) contains a singlet-like pseudoscalar Higgs boson in addition to the doublet-like pseudoscalar of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. This new pseudoscalar can have a very low mass without violating the LEP exclusion constraints and it can potentially provide a hallmark signature of non-minimal supersymmetry at the LHC. In this analysis we revisit the light pseudoscalar in the NMSSM with partial universality at some high unification scale. We delineate the regions of the model's parameter space that are consistent with the up-to-d…
The analysis of the experimental data of Crystal Barrel Collaboration on the p anti-p annihilation in flight with the production of mesons in the final state resulted in a discovery of a large number of mesons over the region 1900-2400 MeV, thus allowing us to systematize quark-antiquark states in the (n,M^2) and (J,M^2) planes, where n and J are radial quantum number and spin of the meson with the mass M. The data point to meson trajectories in these planes being approximately linear, with a universal slope. Basing on these data and results of the recent K-matrix analysis a nonet classificati…
We evaluate the coupling constant for the lightest scalar glueball to decay to pseudoscalar meson pairs. The calculation is done in the valence approximation on a $16^3 \times 24$ lattice at $β= 5.70$ for two different values of pseudoscalar meson mass.
The pieces of the hypernuclear strangeness violating potential due to the pseudoscalar meson exchanges are derived using methods which were successfully applied to hyperon nonleptonic decays. The estimates are tested by comparison with measured hyperon nonleptonic decay amplitudes. All isospin changes $ΔI=1/2$ and $ΔI=3/2$ are included in the derived potential. All calculational methods used are reviewed and described in detail.
In models with extended Higgs sectors, it is possible that the Higgs boson discovered at the LHC is not the lightest one. We show that in a realistic model (the Type I 2-Higgs Doublet Model), when the sum of the masses of a light scalar and a pseudoscalar ($h$ and $A$) is smaller than the $Z$ boson mass, the Electroweak (EW) production of an $hA$ pair can dominate over QCD production by orders of magnitude, a fact not previously highlighted. This is because in the $gg$-initiated process, $hA$ production via a resonant $Z$ in the $s$-channel is prohibited according to the Landau-Yang theorem, w…
We have computed the hadronic light-by-light (LbL) contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment $a_μ$ in the frame of Chiral Perturbation Theory with the inclusion of the lightest resonance multiplets as dynamical fields (R$χ$T). It is essential to give a more accurate prediction of this hadronic contribution due to the future projects of J-Parc and FNAL on reducing the uncertainty in this observable. We, therefore, computed the pseudoscalar transition form factor and proposed the measurement of the $e^+e^-\toμ^+μ^-π^0$ cross section and dimuon invariant mass spectrum to determine more a…
In most supersymmetric theories, charginos $\tildeχ^\pm_{1,2}$ belong to the class of the lightest supersymmetric particles and the couplings of Higgs bosons to charginos are in general complex so that the CP--violating chargino contributions to the loop--induced coupling of the lightest Higgs boson to photon pairs can be sizable even in the decoupling limit of large pseudoscalar mass $m_A$ with only the lightest Higgs boson kinematically accessible at future high energy colliders. We introduce a specific benchmark scenario of CP violation consistent with the electric dipole moment constraints…
In this paper we briefly review the LHC discovery potential of a light pseudoscalar Higgs boson of the NMSSM, $a_1$, produced in the gluon fusion $gg\to a_1$ , bottom-quark fusion $b\bar b\to a_1$ and bottom-gluon fusion $bg\to ba_1$. We also review the LHC discovery potential of the next-to-lightest CP-even Higgs boson $h_2$ being the non-SM-like Higgs, decaying either into two light CP-odd Higgs bosons $a_1 a_1$ or into a light $a_1$ and the $Z$ gauge boson through the gluon fusion $gg \to h_2$ in the 4$τ$ final state. We find that the light $a_1$ can be detected at the LHC in a variety of p…
In this study, the direct pair production of the pseudoscalar Higgs boson at a photon-photon collision is analyzed in the context of two Higgs doublet model, taking account the complete one-loop contributions. In order to illustrate the effect of the new physics, four benchmark points scenarios, which are consistent with theoretical and current experimental constraints, are chosen in the type-I of THDM with an exact alignment limit. In these benchmark points, the CP even lightest Higgs boson ($h^0$) have the Standard Model like couplings to the gauge bosons. The effect of individual contributi…
We perform a non-perturbative chiral study of the masses of the lightest pseudoscalar mesons. In the calculation of the self-energies we employ the S-wave meson-meson amplitudes taken from Unitary Chiral Perturbation Theory (UCHPT) that include the lightest nonet of scalar resonances. Values for the bare masses of pions and kaons are obtained, as well as an estimate of the mass of the η_8. The former are found to dominate the physical pseudoscalar masses. We then match to the self-energies from Chiral Perturbation Theory (CHPT) to O(p^4), and a robust relation between several O(p^4) CHPT count…
In this article we propose a simultaneous collider search strategy for a pair of scalar bosons in the NMSSM through the decays of a very light pseudoscalar. The massive scalar has a mass around 126 GeV while the lighter one can have a mass in the vicinity of 98 GeV (thus explaining an apparent LEP excess) or be much lighter. The successive decay of this scalar pair into two light pseudoscalars, followed by leptonic pseudoscalar decays, produces clean multi-lepton final states with small or no missing energy. Furthermore, this analysis offers an alternate leptonic probe for the 126 GeV scalar t…
The lightest scalar and pseudoscalar nonets are discussed within the [A framework of the broken old UxU3 linear sigma model, and it is shown that already at the tree level this model works remarkably well predicting scalar masses and couplings not far from present experimental values, when all parameters are fixed from the pseudoscalar masses and decay constants. The linear sigma model is the simplest way to implement chiral symmetry together with the broken SU3 of the quark model, and this, not well known, success in understanding experiment is comparable to that of the naive quark model for …
The lightest scalar and pseudoscalar nonets are discussed within the framework of the broken U3$\times$U3 linear sigma model, and it is shown that already at the tree level this model works remarkably well predicting scalar masses and couplings not far from present experimental values, when all parameters are fixed from the pseudoscalar masses and decay constants. It is argued that this strongly suggests that the light and very broad $σ$ resonance exists near 500 MeV.
We calculate the decay rate of scalar and pseudoscalar Higgs bosons into a pair of gluinos, within the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. In the theoretically and experimentally allowed light gluino window, $\mg \sim $ 3--5 GeV, gluino pairs can completely dominate the decays of the light scalar Higgs boson and play a prominent role in the decay of the pseudoscalar Higgs boson. This would alter the limits obtained from $Z$ decays on the lightest CP--even and CP--odd Higgs bosons, and could jeopardize the search for these Higgs particles at future hadron colliders. In contrast, the branchin…
We have studied the $P\toγ^\starγ^\star$ transition form-factors ($P=π^0,η,η'$) within a chiral invariant framework that allows us to relate the three form-factors and evaluate the corresponding contributions to the muon anomalous magnetic moment $a_μ$, through pseudoscalar pole contributions. We use a chiral invariant Lagrangian to describe the interactions between the pseudo-Goldstones from the spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking and the massive meson resonances. We will consider just the lightest vector and pseudoscalar resonance multiplets. Photon interactions and flavor breaking effects …
A continuum approach to Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), based upon Schwinger-Dyson (SD) and Bethe-Salpeter (BS) equations, is employed to provide a tightly constrained prediction for the $γ^{*} γ^{*} \rightarrow \{ π^0, η, η', η_c, η_b \}$ transition form factors (TFFs) and their corresponding pole contribution to the hadronic light-by-light (HLbL) piece of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon ($a_μ$). This work relies on a practical and well-tested quark-photon vertex Ansatz approach to evaluate the TFFs for arbitrary space-like photon virtualities, in the impulse approximation. The numeri…
We investigate the glueball spectrum for $N_f=4$ fermions corresponding to low pion masses of $m_π\sim 250$MeV. We do so by making use of configurations produced with maximally twisted fermions within the framework of the Extended Twisted Mass Collaboration (ETMC). We extract states that belong to irreducible representations of the octahedral group of rotations $R$ in combination with the quantum numbers of charge conjugation $C$ and parity $P$, i.e. $R^{PC}$. We implement the Generalized Eigenvalue Problem (GEVP) using a basis consisting only of gluonic operators. The purpose of this work is …
We evaluate the contribution of scalar mesons to the hadronic light-by-light piece of the muon anomalous magnetic moment, using a warped five-dimensional model and holographic methods. We assess the contribution of the lightest, sub-GeV scalars $σ(500)$, $a_0(980)$ and $f_0(980)$ together with their associated towers of excited states, which the model generates automatically. Our results point at a clearly negative contribution, overwhelmingly dominated by the $σ(500)$ meson, that we estimate at $a_μ^{\rm{HLbL,S}}=-9(2)\cdot 10^{-11}$. This number is in very good agreement with the most recent…
How the bulk of the Universe's visible mass emerges and how it is manifest in the existence and properties of hadrons are profound questions that probe into the heart of strongly interacting matter. Paradoxically, the lightest pseudoscalar mesons appear to be the key to the further understanding of the emergent mass and structure mechanisms. These mesons, namely the pion and kaon, are the Nambu-Goldstone boson modes of QCD. Unravelling their partonic structure and the interplay between emergent and Higgs-boson mass mechanisms is a common goal of three interdependent approaches -- continuum QCD…
We perform a QCD sum rule analysis for the $f_0$ light tetraquark taking into account the contribution arising from the two pion intermediate state. With the interpolating currents of the different chiral combinations of scalar and pseudoscalar diquarks, it is demonstrated that the interpolating current with maximum chirality has a large coupling to the two pion state, but the current with zero chirality interacts only weekly with this state. Taking into account the form factor in the $f_0$--two pion vertex, it is shown that the $f_0$--coupling to the two pion state leads to an increase of the…
