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arXiv 1409.1561cond-mat.stat-mech
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时间非对称随机热机的效率和大偏差

Efficiency and Large Deviations in Time-Asymmetric Stochastic Heat Engines

Todd R. Gingrich, Grant M. Rotskoff, Suriyanarayanan Vaikuntanathan, Phillip L. Geissler

摘要:

在由循环非平衡协议驱动的随机热机中,功和热的波动引起波动的效率。使用计算机模拟和工具,从大偏差理论,我们已经详细研究了这些波动的模型两状态发动机。我们发现,效率概率分布的形式与Verley等人[2014 Nat Comm,5 4721]描述的形式相似,特别是在长时间限制中具有局部极小值。然而,与以前研究的时间对称发动机协议相反,这个最小值不需要发生在可逆卡诺发动机的值特征处。此外,虽然局部最小值可能位于大偏差率函数的全局最小值处,但它通常不对应于在有限时间内测量的最不可能的效率。我们介绍了一个一般的近似的有限时间效率分布,$P(η)$,基于大偏差统计的工作和热量,仍然非常准确,即使当$P(η)$明显偏离其大偏差形式。

英文摘要:

In a stochastic heat engine driven by a cyclic non-equilibrium protocol, fluctuations in work and heat give rise to a fluctuating efficiency. Using computer simulations and tools from large deviation theory, we have examined these fluctuations in detail for a model two-state engine. We find in general that the form of efficiency probability distributions is similar to those described by Verley et al. [2014 Nat Comm, 5 4721], in particular featuring a local minimum in the long-time limit. In contrast to the time-symmetric engine protocols studied previously, however, this minimum need not occur at the value characteristic of a reversible Carnot engine. Furthermore, while the local minimum may reside at the global minimum of a large deviation rate function, it does not generally correspond to the least likely efficiency measured over finite time. We introduce a general approximation for the finite-time efficiency distribution, $P(η)$, based on large deviation statistics of work and heat, that remains very accurate even when $P(η)$ deviates significantly from its large deviation form.

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