We present arguments to the effect that time and temperature can be viewed as a form of quantum entanglement. Furthermore, if temperature is thought of as arising from the quantum mechanical tunneling probability this then offers us a way of dynamically "converting" time into temperature based on the entanglement between the transmitted and reflected modes. We then show how similar entanglement-based logic can be applied to the dynamics of cosmological inflation and discuss the possibility of having observable effects of the early gravitational entanglement at the level of the universe.
Imprint of entanglement entropy in the power spectrum of inflationary fluctuations
如果暴胀子耦合到填充后暴胀阶段的其他自由度，则这种耦合修改暴胀子\emph{during}暴胀的动力学。我们认为轻费米子汤川耦合到暴胀子作为“不可观测”的自由度集成的总密度矩阵。追踪这些自由度产生一个\emph{mixed}密度矩阵，其时间演化由有效场论描述。我们表明，耦合导致丰富的费米子对生产的超哈勃暴胀子波动，导致\emph{growth of entanglement entropy during inflation}。暴胀子涨落的功率谱特征在于尺度不变性违反$\mathcal{P}(k) = \mathcal{P}_0(k)\,\,\exp\{8\,ξ_k\}$，并对\emph{index and its running directly correlated with the entanglement entropy}进行了修正：$S_{vN} = - \sum_{k} \Big[ \ln(1-ξ_k) + \frac{ξ_k\,\ln(ξ_k)}{1-ξ_k} \Big]$。对于超哈勃起伏，我们发现$ξ_k = -\frac{Y^2}{48π^2}\Big\{2\,N_T\,\ln(k/k_f) + \ln^2(k/k_f)\Big\}$与$Y$汤川耦合，$N_T$的e-折叠的总数在通货膨胀期间，和$k_f$的“枢轴”规模对应的模式，在通货膨胀结束时穿过哈勃半径。
Entanglement generation from gravitationally produced massless vector particles during inflation
University of Siena（锡耶纳大学）；Università di Camerino（卡梅里诺大学）；University at Albany-SUNY（奥尔巴尼州立大学（纽约州立大学系统））；Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)（意大利国家天体物理研究所）；Al-Farabi Kazakh National University（阿里-法拉比哈萨克国立大学）
Superhorizon entanglement entropy from particle decay in inflation
在暴胀宇宙学中，由于缺乏运动学阈值，所有粒子状态都会衰变。初始单粒子态的衰变产生一个\emph{entangled quantum state of the product particles}。我们推广和推广了一种显幺正的场论方法，得到了量子态的时间演化。研究了de Sitter时空中具有立方耦合的质量为$M\ll H$的光标量场的衰变。辐射修正的特点是红外增强表现为极点在$Δ=M^2/3H^2$和我们得到的量子态在$Δ$展开。在$Δ$中，描述亚视界波矢粒子衰变的纯态密度矩阵由超视界量子的发射决定，描述\emph{entanglement between superhorizon and subhorizon fluctuations and correlations across the horizon}。通过对超视界自由度的追踪，得到了混合态密度矩阵，并由此得到了纠缠熵。随着\emph{physical}体积的增加，熵逐渐增大，这是因为有更多的衰变产物模穿过哈勃半径。一个推广到本地化波包。讨论了单粒子态级联衰变为多粒子态的过程。我们推测\emph{possible}的影响，这些结果的非高斯性和"低多极异常“的CMB。
University of Cape Town（开普敦大学）；The National Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences（理论与计算科学国家研究所）；Farhangian University（法尔坎吉安大学）；Pacific Lutheran University（太平洋路德大学）
Entanglement and correlations between local observables in de Sitter spacetime
University of York（约克大学）；Radboud University（拉德堡德大学）；Louisiana State University（路易斯安那州立大学）；Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University（冲绳科学技术大学院大学）
