The winds of ionized gas driven by Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) can be studied through absorption lines in their X-ray spectra. A recurring feature of these outflows is their broad ionization distribution, including essentially all ionization levels (e.g., Fe^0+ to Fe^25+). This characteristic feature can be quantified with the absorption measure distribution (AMD), defined as the distribution of column density with ionization parameter |dN / dlog xi|. Observed AMDs extend over 0.1 < xi < 10^4 (cgs), and are remarkably similar in different objects. Power-law fits (|dN /dlog xi| ~ N_1 xi^a) yield N_1 = 3x10^{21} cm^-2 +- 0.4 dex and a = 0 -- 0.4. What is the source of this broad ionization distribution, and what sets the small range of observed $N_1$ and $a$? A common interpretation is a multiphase outflow, with a wide range of gas densities in a uniform gas pressure medium. However, the incident radiation pressure leads to a gas pressure gradient in the photoionized gas, and therefore to a broad range of ionization states within a single slab. We show that this compression of the gas by the radiation pressure leads to an AMD with |dN / dlog xi| = 8x10^21 xi^0.03 cm^-2, remarkably similar to that observed. The calculated values of $N_1$ and $a$ depend weakly on the gas metallicity, the ionizing spectral slope, the distance from the nucleus, the ambient density, and the total absorber column. Thus, radiation pressure compression (RPC) of the photoionized gas provides a natural explanation for the observed AMD. RPC predicts that the gas pressure increases with decreasing ionization, which can be used to test the validity of RPC in ionized AGN outflows.
Multiphase quasar-driven outflows in PG 1114+445. I. Entrained ultra-fast outflows
近几十年的大量证据表明,超大质量黑洞(SMBH)的流出流在星系演化中起着重要作用,在许多Seyfert星系和类星体的光谱中,经常发现大尺度流出流(WA)和快盘风(UFO),它们之间存在着相关性。最近探测到的低电离和低柱密度外流,但具有与UFO相当的高速度,挑战了这种最初可能的相关性。对活动星系核中UFO的观测表明,它们的能量可能足以对星际介质(ISM)产生影响。然而,内部高电离外流和ISM之间的相互作用的观测证据仍然缺失。我们在这里提出的光谱分析的12 XMM牛顿/EPIC档案观测的类星体PG 1114+445,旨在研究复杂的流出性质的吸收体。我们的分析揭示了三个吸收结构的存在。我们发现一个WA与速度$v\sim530$ km s $^{-1}$,电离$\logξ/\text{erg cm s}^{-1}\sim0.35,$和柱密度$\log N_\text{H}/\text{cm}^{-2}\sim22$,和一个UFO与$v_\text{out}\sim0.145c$,$\logξ/\text{erg cm s}^{-1}\sim4$,和$\log N_\text{H}/\text{cm}^{-2}\sim23$。我们还发现了一个额外的吸收剂在软X射线($E<2$千电子伏)与速度相当的UFO($v_\text{out}\sim0.120c$),但电离($\logξ/\text{e…
SIROCCO: A Publicly Available Monte Carlo Ionization and Radiative Transfer Code for Astrophysical Outflows
外流是许多天体物理系统的重要组成部分,包括吸积致密双星和活动星系核(AGN)。这些外流可以显著影响系统的演化,并通过对中央引擎产生的辐射进行再处理来改变其观测外观。Sirocco(Simulating Ionization and Radiation in Outflows Created by Compact Objects -或“以前称为Python的代码”)是一个基于Sobolev的蒙特卡罗电离和辐射转移代码。它的目的是模拟任何系统产生的光谱与方位角对称流出,从球形恒星风旋转,双锥吸积盘风。风模型可以参数化或导入,例如从流体动力学模拟。辐射源包括光学厚吸积盘和各种具有灵活光谱和几何形状的中心源。该代码跟踪在任何给定模拟中由源产生的“光子包”,因为它们穿过风并与风相互作用。该代码假设辐射接近平衡,所以热和电离状态可以从这些相互作用迭代确定。一旦风中的物理特性收敛,Sirocco可以用于在一系列观察者视线处生成合成光谱。在这里,我们描述的物理假设,操作,性能和代码的限制。我们验证它对tardis,cmfgen和多云,找到良好的协议,并提出说明性的合成光谱盘风在灾难性的变量,潮汐破坏事件,活动星系核和X射线双星。Sirocco可在GitHub上公开获取,其相关数据,文档和样本输入文件涵盖了广泛的天体物理应用。
Delving into the depths of NGC 3783 with XRISM: V. Broad-band modeling of ionized outflows
Leiden University(莱顿大学);SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research(荷兰空间研究所);University of Michigan(密歇根大学);Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory(劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室);James Madison University(詹姆斯麦迪逊大学);ESA European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC)(欧洲航天局欧洲空间研究与技术中心);Massachusetts Institute of Technology(麻省理工学院)
Dissecting the Nuclear Structure of NGC 5548 with XRISM. I. Physical Properties of the Highly Ionized Outflows
University of Michigan(密歇根大学);SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research(荷兰空间研究所);Leiden University(莱顿大学);Space Telescope Science Institute(太空望远镜科学研究所);James Madison University(詹姆斯·麦迪逊大学);Technion(以色列理工学院)
Resolving the Multiple Component Outflows in PG 1211+143: II. The Soft X-ray View of the Ultra Fast Outflow
The Catholic University of America(美国天主教大学);INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera(意大利国家天体物理研究所布雷拉天文台);Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento(特伦托大学物理系);University of Teacher Education Fukuoka(福冈教育大学);Technion(以色列理工学院);Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology(麻省理工学院卡弗里天体物理学与空间研究研究所);Durham University(杜伦大学);Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI)(宇宙物理与数学卡弗里研究所)
Radiation-ionization hydrodynamic simulations of AGN line-driven winds lead to transient shielding and BAL/UFO signatures
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton(南安普顿大学物理与天文学院);Eureka Scientific Inc.(尤里卡科学公司);Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG(格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学,法国国家科学研究中心,天体物理学与行星学研究所);Space Telescope Science Institute(太空望远镜科学研究所);Department of Physics, Astrophysics, University of Oxford(牛津大学物理与天体物理系);School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast(贝尔法斯特女王大学数学与物理学院)