活动星系核(AGN)中的电离外流被认为会影响其核环境和局部星系环境。然而,外流相对于中央引擎的距离受到很大的限制,这限制了我们对它们作为宇宙反馈通道的动力学的理解。因此,活动星系核外流对其宿主星系的影响是不确定的。然而,当外流的密度是已知的,他们的距离可以立即从他们的建模电离参数。利用dac代码中新的自洽光电离(PION)模型,我们能够计算详细的能级粒子数,包括基态和亚稳态能级。这使我们能够确定在什么样的物理条件下,亚稳态水平显着填充。然后,我们从这些亚稳能级在1 - 2000 nm波长范围内确定特征线。在$n_H \in (10^6, 10^{20} m^{-3}$的大密度范围内,类铍离子中的亚稳能级2s 2 p $(^3P_{0-2})$可以被显著地占据.对于类B离子,只有第一激发能级2s $^2$ 2 p $(^2P_{3/2})$可以用作密度探针。对于类C离子,前两个激发能级2s $^2$ 2 p $^2$($^3P_1$和$^3P_2$)是比后两个激发能级2s $^2$ 2 p $^2$($^1S_0$和$^1D_2$)更好的密度探针。同一等电子序列中的不同离子不仅电离参数范围大,而且密度范围也大。另一方面,在相同的等离子体序列中,电离度较小的离子探测到的密度较低,电离参数较小。最后,我们重新分析了高分辨率的光栅光谱的NGC 5548观察钱德拉在2002年1月,使用一组的PION组件来解释电离流出。我们推导出较低(或较高)的等离子体密度在五个PION组件,基于亚稳态吸收线的存在(或不存在)。
英文摘要:
Ionized outflows in Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are thought to influence their nuclear and local galactic environment. However, the distance of the outflows with respect to the central engine is poorly constrained, which limits our understanding of their kinetic power as a cosmic feedback channel. Therefore, the impact of AGN outflows on their host galaxies is uncertain. However, when the density of the outflows is known, their distance can be immediately obtained from their modelled ionization parameter. With the new self-consistent PhotoIONization (PION) model in the SPEX code, we are able to calculate detailed level populations, including the ground and metastable levels. This enables us to determine under what physical conditions the metastable levels are significantly populated. We then identify characteristic lines from these metastable levels in the 1 -- 2000 Å wavelength range. In the large density range of $n_H \in (10^6, 10^{20} m^{-3}$, the metastable levels 2s 2p $(^3P_{0-2})$ in Be-like ions can be significantly populated. For B-like ions, merely the first excited level 2s$^2$ 2p $(^2P_{3/2})$ can be used as a density probe. For C-like ions, the first two excited levels 2s$^2$ 2p$^2$ ($^3P_1$ and $^3P_2$) are better density probes than the next two excited levels 2s$^2$ 2p$^2$ ($^1S_0$ and $^1D_2$). Different ions in the same isoelectronic sequence cover not only a wide range of ionization parameter, but also a wide range of density. On the other hand, within the same isonuclear sequence, less ionized ions probe lower density and smaller ionization parameter. Finally, we re-analyzed the high-resolution grating spectra of NGC 5548 observed with Chandra in January 2002, using a set of PION components to account for the ionized outflow. We derive lower (or upper) limits of plasma density in five out of six PION components, based on the presence (or absence) of the metastable absorption lines.
Indication of the Less-ionized Clumpy Ultra-Fast Outflows in Seyfert Galaxies
Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(宇宙科学研究所,日本宇宙航空研究开发机构);Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo(东京大学理学研究科天文学专攻);Mercari;Science education research unit, University of Teacher Education Fukuoka(福冈教育大学科学教育研究单位)
XRISM finds the Changing-Look AGN NGC 1365 in an extended low state: A dense, highly ionized outflow obscures the central source
Massachusetts Institute of Technology(麻省理工学院);Harvard & Smithsonian(哈佛-史密森尼天体物理中心);Technion(以色列理工学院);University of Maryland(马里兰大学);Eureka Scientific, Inc.(尤里卡科学公司);California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院)
The Feasibility of Using Fe XXIII Metastable Transitions as a Density Diagnostic for LMXB Disk Winds
University of Michigan(密歇根大学);Osaka University(大阪大学);Durham University(杜伦大学);Villanova University(维拉诺瓦大学);Technion(以色列理工学院);SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research(荷兰空间研究所);University of Amsterdam(阿姆斯特丹大学);Rikkyo University(立教大学)
Uncovering New Ionized Winds and Relativistic Hot Outflows in MCG-6-30-15 with \emph{Chandra} HETG and a Bayesian Framework
University of Maryland, College Park(马里兰大学帕克分校);NASA Goddard Space Flight Center(美国国家航空航天局戈达德太空飞行中心);Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, NASA/GSFC (CRESST II)(NASA/GSFC空间科学与技术研究探索中心);Joint Space-Science Institute(联合空间科学研究所);Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor(密歇根大学安娜堡分校天文学系)
Delving into the depths of NGC 3783 with XRISM: V. Broad-band modeling of ionized outflows
Leiden University(莱顿大学);SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research(荷兰空间研究所);University of Michigan(密歇根大学);Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory(劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室);James Madison University(詹姆斯麦迪逊大学);ESA European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC)(欧洲航天局欧洲空间研究与技术中心);Massachusetts Institute of Technology(麻省理工学院)
A deep, multi-epoch Chandra HETG study of the ionized outflow from NGC 4051
主动吸积的超大质量黑洞显著影响其宿主星系的演化,通过以广角流出排出大部分气体来截断进一步的恒星形成。X射线波段是理解这些黑洞风如何影响其环境的关键,因为流出物具有高温($\sim$ 10 $^{5-8}$ K)。我们已经开发了一个贝叶斯框架,用于表征活动星系核(AGN)的外流,具有更好的探索参数空间和进行鲁棒模型选择的能力。我们将这个框架应用到一个新的700 ks和档案315 ks钱德拉高能透射光栅观测的塞弗特星系NGC 4051。我们已经检测到NGC 4051的六个固有吸收体。这些风分量的速度跨度从400 km s $^{-1}$到30,000 km s $^{-1}$。我们已经确定,统计上最重要的风分量是纯粹的碰撞电离,这是第一次检测到这样的吸收体。这种风具有$T\approx10^7$ K和$v\approx880$ km s $^{-1}$,并且在两个时期之间保持非常稳定。其他慢分量也随时间保持稳定。快速外流成分在2008年至2016年之间改变了它们的性质,这表明要么是物理变化,要么是云在视线范围内移动。对于其中一个快速分量,我们获得了迄今为止最严格的风密度测量值之一,log $n/$ [cm $^{-3}$ ]=13.0 $^{+0.01}_{-0.02}$,并确定它位于$\sim$ 240引力半径处。估计总流出功率超过5%的热光度(尽管有很大的不确定性),使其在星系-黑…
Dissecting the Nuclear Structure of NGC 5548 with XRISM. I. Physical Properties of the Highly Ionized Outflows
University of Michigan(密歇根大学);SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research(荷兰空间研究所);Leiden University(莱顿大学);Space Telescope Science Institute(太空望远镜科学研究所);James Madison University(詹姆斯·麦迪逊大学);Technion(以色列理工学院)
First results from the JWST Early Release Science Program Q3D: The Warm Ionized Gas Outflow in z ~ 1.6 Quasar XID 2028 and its Impact on the Host Galaxy