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arXiv 1408.3558astro-ph.GAastro-ph.SR
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巨分子云G23 .3-0.3和W41中的大质量恒星

Massive stars in the giant molecular cloud G23.3-0.3 and W41

Maria Messineo, Karl M. Menten, Donald F. Figer, Ben Davies, J. Simon Clark, Valentin D. Ivanov, Rolf-Peter Kudritzki, R. Michael Rich, John W. MacKenty, Christine Trombley

摘要:

年轻的大质量恒星和星团不断在银河系盘中形成,在它们出生的巨大分子云中产生新的HII区域,随后通过它们的风和超新星丰富了星际介质。大质量恒星是这些区域中最明亮的红外恒星之一;它们的识别允许描述相关云的恒星形成历史,并限制恒星聚集体的位置,因此它们的出现是全球环境的函数。我们提出了一个巨大的分子云G23.3-0.3方向的恒星光谱调查。这个复合体位于约4-5 kpc的距离,由几个HII区域和超新星遗迹组成。我们发现了11颗OfK+恒星,一颗候选的亮蓝变星,几颗OB恒星和候选的红超巨星。K波段消光在1.3 - 1.9等之间的恒星似乎与GMC G23.3-0.3有关;满足这一标准的O型和B型恒星的分光光度距离与巨分子云一致。结合近红外光谱和光度数据,使我们能够描述它内部的多个恒星形成地点。O型恒星的质量为25 - 45 Msun,年龄为5-8 Myr。两颗新的红超巨星被探测到具有典型的星际灭绝云;与星团GLIMPSE 9内的两颗RSG一起,它们追踪到了一个年龄为2000 - 3000万年的更古老的爆发。在三个超新星遗迹的核心也发现了大质量恒星:W 41、G22.7-0.2和G22.7583-0.4917。大量的大质量恒星似乎与GMC G23.3-0.3有关,推断它们的性质表明恒星形成的历史很长。

英文摘要:

Young massive stars and stellar clusters continuously form in the Galactic disk, generating new HII regions within their natal giant molecular clouds and subsequently enriching the interstellar medium via their winds and supernovae. Massive stars are among the brightest infrared stars in such regions; their identification permits the characterization of the star formation history of the associated cloud as well as constraining the location of stellar aggregates and hence their occurrence as a function of global environment. We present a stellar spectroscopic survey in the direction of the giant molecular cloud G23.3-0.3. This complex is located at a distance of ~ 4-5 kpc, and consists of several HII regions and supernova remnants. We discovered 11 OfK+ stars, one candidate Luminous Blue Variable, several OB stars, and candidate red supergiants. Stars with K-band extinction from ~1.3 - 1.9 mag appear to be associated with the GMC G23.3-0.3; O and B-types satisfying this criterion have spectro-photometric distances consistent with that of the giant molecular cloud. Combining near-IR spectroscopic and photometric data allowed us to characterize the multiple sites of star formation within it. The O-type stars have masses from 25 - 45 Msun, and ages of 5-8 Myr. Two new red supergiants were detected with interstellar extinction typical of the cloud; along with the two RSGs within the cluster GLIMPSE9, they trace an older burst with an age of 20--30 Myr. Massive stars were also detected in the core of three supernova remnants - W41, G22.7-0.2, and G22.7583-0.4917. A large population of massive stars appears associated with the GMC G23.3-0.3, with the properties inferred for them indicative of an extended history of stars formation.

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