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arXiv 1408.0156hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qc
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暴胀、精粹和质量的起源

Inflation, quintessence, and the origin of mass

C. Wetterich

摘要:

在一个统一的图像中,暴胀和目前的动力学暗能量都来自同一个标量场。宇宙的历史描述了一个从标度不变的“过去不动点”到“未来不动点”的交叉,在过去不动点中所有粒子都是无质量的,在未来不动点中精确标度对称性的自发破缺产生粒子质量。宇宙学的解决方案可以外推到物理时间的无限过去-宇宙没有开始。这在粒子质量和普朗克质量依赖于场并随时间增加的框架中最容易看到。在这个“冻结框架”中,宇宙在辐射和物质支配期间收缩和加热。在等价的,但奇异的爱因斯坦框架中,宇宙历史发现了熟悉的大爆炸描述。过去的固定点附近对应于通货膨胀。它在交叉的第一阶段结束。一个简单的模型,没有更多的自由参数比$Λ$ CDM预测的原始波动张量振幅$r$和光谱指数$n,r=8.19(1-n)-0.137$之间的关系。交叉是由第二阶段完成的,在第二阶段中,超越标准模型的扇区将过渡到未来的固定点。由此产生的中微子质量的增加停止了宇宙学标度解,将当前的暗能量密度与当前的中微子质量联系起来。目前,我们的简单模型似乎与所有的观测检验都是相容的。我们讨论了如何在紫外和红外不动点之间的交叉中,在量子引力中找到不动点。这样,引力的量子性质就可以在早期和晚期的宇宙学中得到检验。

英文摘要:

In a unified picture both inflation and present dynamical dark energy arise from the same scalar field. The history of the Universe describes a crossover from a scale invariant "past fixed point" where all particles are massless, to a "future fixed point" for which spontaneous breaking of the exact scale symmetry generates the particle masses. The cosmological solution can be extrapolated to the infinite past in physical time - the universe has no beginning. This is seen most easily in a frame where particle masses and the Planck mass are field-dependent and increase with time. In this "freeze frame" the Universe shrinks and heats up during radiation and matter domination. In the equivalent, but singular Einstein frame cosmic history finds the familiar big bang description. The vicinity of the past fixed point corresponds to inflation. It ends at a first stage of the crossover. A simple model with no more free parameters than $Λ$CDM predicts for the primordial fluctuations a relation between the tensor amplitude $r$ and the spectral index $n,r=8.19(1-n)-0.137$. The crossover is completed by a second stage where the beyond-standard-model sector undergoes the transition to the future fixed point. The resulting increase of neutrino masses stops a cosmological scaling solution, relating the present dark energy density to the present neutrino mass. At present our simple model seems compatible with all observational tests. We discuss how the fixed points can be rooted within quantum gravity in a crossover between ultraviolet and infrared fixed points. Then quantum properties of gravity could be tested both by very early and late cosmology.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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