行星形成成像仪（PFI）：介绍和技术考虑
Planet Formation Imager (PFI): Introduction and Technical Considerations
摘要：
复杂的非线性和动态过程是行星形成过程的核心。通过数值模拟和基本的观测限制，行星形成的基础知识现在正成为焦点。在一定波长范围内的高分辨率成像将使我们能够一瞥我们自己的太阳系的过去，并为预测行星系统架构提供一个强大的理论框架，该框架围绕着一系列被具有多种初始条件的圆盘包围的恒星。只有长基线干涉测量术才能提供所需的角分辨率和波长覆盖范围，以达到这些目标，我们从这里开始我们的规划工作。"行星形成成像仪"项目的目的是为建造一个新的近/中红外干涉测量设施制定路线图，该设施将得到优化，以揭示行星形成的所有主要阶段，从最初的尘埃凝结、间隙形成、过渡盘的演变、行星胚胎的质量吸积到最终的盘分散。PFI将能够在前100 Myrs期间探测到冷却的新形成的行星本身的排放，从而开启光谱研究，并为行星结构的早期动力学历史提供充满活力的视角。在这里，我们介绍了行星形成成像仪（PFI）项目（www.example.com），并给出了初步的想法，可能的设施架构和技术进步，将需要满足具有挑战性的顶级科学要求。
英文摘要：
Complex non-linear and dynamic processes lie at the heart of the planet formation process. Through numerical simulation and basic observational constraints, the basics of planet formation are now coming into focus. High resolution imaging at a range of wavelengths will give us a glimpse into the past of our own solar system and enable a robust theoretical framework for predicting planetary system architectures around a range of stars surrounded by disks with a diversity of initial conditions. Only long-baseline interferometry can provide the needed angular resolution and wavelength coverage to reach these goals and from here we launch our planning efforts. The aim of the "Planet Formation Imager" (PFI) project is to develop the roadmap for the construction of a new near-/mid-infrared interferometric facility that will be optimized to unmask all the major stages of planet formation, from initial dust coagulation, gap formation, evolution of transition disks, mass accretion onto planetary embryos, and eventual disk dispersal. PFI will be able to detect the emission of the cooling, newly-formed planets themselves over the first 100 Myrs, opening up both spectral investigations and also providing a vibrant look into the early dynamical histories of planetary architectures. Here we introduce the Planet Formation Imager (PFI) Project (www.planetformationimager.org) and give initial thoughts on possible facility architectures and technical advances that will be needed to meet the challenging top-level science requirements.
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