CubeSats作为行星探测的探路者：FIRST-S卫星
CubeSats as pathfinders for planetary detection: the FIRST-S satellite
摘要：
FIRST（Fibered Imager forR a Single Telescope）背后的想法是使用单模光纤在光瞳平面中组合多个孔径，从而合成更大的孔径。相对于纯成像器的优点是：i）指向和同相的容限放宽，ii）相位测量的精度更高，以及iii）紧凑、精确和有源单模光学器件（如铌酸锂）的可用性。后一点在空间飞行任务中是一个巨大的资产。达尔文或类似SIM的项目的问题之一是难以找到低成本的探路者任务。但事实上，铌酸锂光学器件体积小且紧凑，因此可以很容易地通过小型纳米卫星任务进行测试。此外，它们通常用于电信行业，并已在通讯卫星上进行了测试。FIRST-S演示器的想法是用铌酸锂调零干涉仪对3U立方体卫星进行空间定位。该项目的技术挑战是：恒星跟踪，波束组合和调零能力。干涉仪的光学基线为30 cm，在10 pc的距离处给出2.2 AU的空间分辨率。这一飞行任务的科学目标是研究最近恒星周围的宜居带中的可见外黄道光。
英文摘要：
The idea behind FIRST (Fibered Imager foR a Single Telescope) is to use single-mode fibers to combine multiple apertures in a pupil plane as such as to synthesize a bigger aperture. The advantages with respect to a pure imager are i) relaxed tolerance on the pointing and cophasing, ii) higher accuracy in phase measurement, and iii) availability of compact, precise, and active single-mode optics like Lithium Niobate. The latter point being a huge asset in the context of a space mission. One of the problems of DARWIN or SIM-like projects was the difficulty to find low cost pathfinders missions. But the fact that Lithium Niobate optic is small and compact makes it easy to test through small nanosats missions. Moreover, they are commonly used in the telecom industry, and have already been tested on communication satellites. The idea of the FIRST-S demonstrator is to spatialize a 3U CubeSat with a Lithium Niobate nulling interferometer. The technical challenges of the project are: star tracking, beam combination, and nulling capabilities. The optical baseline of the interferometer would be 30 cm, giving a 2.2 AU spatial resolution at distance of 10 pc. The scientific objective of this mission would be to study the visible emission of exozodiacal light in the habitable zone around the closest stars.
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