胁迫诱导的突变和复杂适应
Stress-Induced Mutagenesis and Complex Adaptation
摘要：
因为突变大多是有害的，自然选择应该降低突变率。然而，突变也为适应提供了原材料。因此，进化理论认为，突变率必须在适应性（适应的能力）和适应性（保持适应的能力）之间取得平衡。我们模拟了一个穿越适应度谷的无性种群，并分析了有和没有应激诱导突变的复杂适应率--应激或适应不良引起的突变率增加。我们发现，压力诱导的诱变增加了复杂的适应率，而不降低人口的平均健身，从而打破了适应性和适应性之间的进化权衡。我们的理论研究结果支持这一假设，即应力诱导的诱变促进适应，并提供定量预测复杂的适应率与不同的突变策略。
英文摘要：
Because mutations are mostly deleterious, mutation rates should be reduced by natural selection. However, mutations also provide the raw material for adaptation. Therefore, evolutionary theory suggests that the mutation rate must balance between adaptability - the ability to adapt - and adaptedness - the ability to remain adapted. We model an asexual population crossing a fitness valley and analyze the rate of complex adaptation with and without stress-induced mutagenesis - the increase of mutation rates in response to stress or maladaptation. We show that stress-induced mutagenesis increases the rate of complex adaptation without reducing the population mean fitness, thus breaking the evolutionary trade-off between adaptability and adaptedness. Our theoretical results support the hypothesis that stress-induced mutagenesis promotes adaptation and provide quantitative predictions of the rate of complex adaptation with different mutational strategies.
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