We study Plurality Consensus in the Gossip Model over a network of $n$ anonymous agents. Each agent supports an initial opinion or color. We assume that at the onset, the number of agents supporting the plurality color exceeds that of the agents supporting any other color by a sufficiently-large bias. The goal is to provide a protocol that, with high probability, brings the system into the configuration in which all agents support the (initial) plurality color. We consider the Undecided-State Dynamics, a well-known protocol which uses just one more state (the undecided one) than those necessary to store colors. We show that the speed of convergence of this protocol depends on the initial color configuration as a whole, not just on the gap between the plurality and the second largest color community. This dependence is best captured by a novel notion we introduce, namely, the monochromatic distance ${md}(\bar{\mathbf{c}})$ which measures the distance of the initial color configuration $\bar{ \mathbf {c}}$ from the closest monochromatic one. In the complete graph, we prove that, for a wide range of the input parameters, this dynamics converges within $O({md}(\bar {\mathbf {c}}) \log {n})$ rounds. We prove that this upper bound is almost tight in the strong sense: Starting from any color configuration $\bar {\mathbf {c}}$, the convergence time is $Ω({md}(\bar {\mathbf {c}}))$. Finally, we adapt the Undecided-State Dynamics to obtain a fast, random walk-based protocol for plurality consensus on regular expanders. This protocol converges in $O({md}(\bar {\mathbf {c}}) \mathrm{polylog}(n))$ rounds using only $\mathrm{polylog}(n)$ local memory. A key-ingredient to achieve the above bounds is a new analysis of the maximum node congestion that results from performing $n$ parallel random walks on regular expanders. All our bounds hold with high probability.
Fast Consensus via the Unconstrained Undecided State Dynamics
我们考虑了$n$代理之间的多数共识问题。最初,每个代理具有$k$不同意见之一。智能体选择随机的交互伙伴,并根据自己的状态和交互伙伴的状态,根据一个固定的转换函数修改自己的状态。目标是达成一个共识配置,其中所有代理人都同意相同的意见,如果最初对一个意见有足够大的偏见,那么该意见应该占上风。我们分析了一个同步变量的未决定的状态动态定义如下。代理分阶段行动,包括决策和推进部分。在决策部分,任何遇到不同意见的代理人的代理人都变得犹豫不决。在助推部分,未决定的代理人采用他们遇到的第一个意见。我们在人口模型和流言模型中考虑这种动力学。对于群体模型,我们的协议达成共识(w. h. p.)在$O(\log^2 n)$并行时间中,提供$k > 2$(w. h. p.)in this model模型.在没有任何关于偏差的假设的情况下,仅针对未决定状态动态的非同步版本的$k = 2$示出了快速一致性[Clementi等人,MFCS'18]。我们表明,未决定的状态动力学的同步变体达到共识(w. h. p.)在时间$O(\log^2 n)$,独立于最初的数量,偏见,或意见的分布。在这两个模型中,我们保证,如果存在$Ω(\sqrt{n \log n})$的初始偏差,则(w. h. p.)这个观点赢了。我们的协议在八卦模型中的一个简单的扩展产生了一个动态,不依赖于$n$或$k$,是匿名的,并具有(w. h. p…
A Privacy Preserving Randomized Gossip Algorithm via Controlled Noise Insertion
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(阿卜杜拉国王科技大学);Google(谷歌公司);University of Edinburgh(爱丁堡大学);Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology(莫斯科物理技术学院);Université Grenoble Alpes(格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学)
Breathe before Speaking: Efficient Information Dissemination Despite Noisy, Limited and Anonymous Communication
分布式计算模型通常假定处理器之间的通信可靠。虽然这样的假设通常适用于工程网络,例如,由于潜在的纠错协议,它们与生物系统的相关性非常有限,在生物系统中,消息在到达目的地之前经常被扭曲。在这项研究中,我们采取了第一步,通过严格分析由简单的代理人组成的大型匿名人群中的通信模型,通过简短和高度不可靠的消息进行交互,以减少这种差距。我们重点讨论广播问题和多数人一致性问题。两者都是分布式计算中的基本信息传播问题,其中代理的目标是收敛到某些指定的期望意见。我们开始研究这些问题中存在的通信噪声。我们的通信模型非常弱,并且遵循推送八卦通信范式:在每一轮中,希望发送信息的每个代理都会向随机的匿名代理发送消息。这种通信被进一步限制为仅包含一个比特(基本上表示意见)。最后,假设系统噪声很大,对于一些小的$ε>0$,发送的每个消息中的比特以概率$1/2-ε$独立翻转。即使在这个严格限制,随机和嘈杂的设置,我们给自然的协议,有效地解决了嘈杂的广播和嘈杂的多数共识问题。我们的协议在$O(\log n / ε^2)$轮中运行,总共使用$O(n \log n / ε^2)$消息/位,其中$n$是代理的数量。这些界限是渐近最优的,事实上,是快速和有效的消息,如果每个代理将同时直接通知代理知道规定的期望意见。