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arXiv 1407.0946astro-ph.SR
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快速旋转恒星辐射包层的动力学:由质量损失驱动的自旋下降效应

Dynamics of the radiative envelope of rapidly rotating stars: Effects of spin-down driven by mass loss

Michel Rieutord, Arnaud Beth

摘要:

本文的目的是破译的动力学信封的旋转恒星时,一些角动量损失,由于质量损失。我们特别希望知道,由质量损失所导致的自旋下降流何时会取代弥漫在旋转恒星辐射包层中的斜压流。我们考虑一个Boussinesq流体封闭在一个刚性的球体,其流动是被迫的斜压扭矩,自旋的外层,和向外的质量通量。下旋力可以通过两种方式理想化:一种是通过在某个界面上施加下旋速度的刚性层,另一种是通过在同一界面上向恒星内部施加应力的湍流层。在该层是刚性的,并施加其速度的情况下,我们发现,随着质量损失率的增加,恒星内部的流动显示出两个转变:与斜压流相关联的纬向环流首先被其自旋下降的对应物所取代,而在更强的质量损失率的斜压差分旋转被取代的自旋下降的差分旋转。事实上,我们发现三种风状态:弱(或无风),中等和强。在第一种情况下,辐射包层中的气流是斜压起源的。在中等的情况下,环流的结果,而旋转的差异可能是斜压或旋转的起源,这取决于质量和角动量损失之间的耦合。对于快速旋转的恒星,我们的模型说,当质量损失高于~ 1 e-11 Msun/yr时,中等风状态开始。在强风情况下,辐射包层中的流动主要由角动量平流驱动。后一种转变取决于恒星的质量和自转速率,根据我们的模型,对于一颗以200 km/s自转的3 Msun ZAMS恒星,其自转速率约为1 e-8 Msun/yr。

英文摘要:

(abridged) This paper aims at deciphering the dynamics of the envelope of a rotating star when some angular momentum loss due to mass loss is present. We especially wish to know when the spin-down flow forced by the mass loss supersedes the baroclinic flows that pervade the radiative envelope of rotating stars. We consider a Boussinesq fluid enclosed in a rigid sphere whose flows are forced both by the baroclinic torque, the spin-down of an outer layer, and an outward mass flux. The spin-down forcing is idealized in two ways: either by a rigid layer that imposes its spinning down velocity at some interface or by a turbulent layer that imposes a stress at this same interface to the interior of the star. In the case where the layer is rigid and imposes its velocity, we find that, as the mass-loss rate increases, the flow inside the star shows two transitions: the meridional circulation associated with baroclinic flows is first replaced by its spin-down counterpart, while at much stronger mass-loss rates the baroclinic differential rotation is superseded by the spin-down differential rotation. In fact, we find three wind regimes: weak (or no wind), moderate, and strong. In the first case, the flow in the radiative envelope is of baroclinic origin. In the moderate case, the circulation results from the spin-down while the differential rotation may either be of baroclinic or of spin-down origin, depending on the coupling between mass and angular momentum losses. For fast rotating stars, our model says that the moderate wind regime starts when mass loss is higher than ~1e-11 Msun/yr. In the strong wind case, the flow in the radiative envelope is mainly driven by angular momentum advection. This latter transition depends on the mass and the rotation rate of the star, being around 1e-8 Msun/yr for a 3 Msun ZAMS star rotating at 200 km/s according to our model.

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