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arXiv 1407.0846physics.bio-phq-bio.BM
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转录因子蛋白快速结合于DNA特异位点的机理

Theory on the mechanism of rapid binding of transcription factor proteins at specific-sites on DNA

Rajamanickam Murugan

摘要:

我们开发了修改后的理论思想的机制,转录因子蛋白质定位其特异性结合位点的DNA速度比三维(3D)扩散控制的速率限制。我们证明,3D扩散控制的速率限制可以增强时,蛋白质分子读取几个可能的结合延伸的模板DNA通过一维(1D)扩散后,每个3D扩散介导的碰撞或非特异性结合事件。位点特异性结合速率的总体增强与蛋白质分子沿DNA的1D扩散相关的最大可能滑动长度(LA,(6Do/kr)的平方根,其中Do是1D扩散系数,kr是与非特异性DNA-蛋白质复合物相关的解离速率常数)成正比。在考虑了几种可能的机制后,我们发现DNA结合蛋白可以通过以循环方式切换其DNA结合结构域的快速移动、缓慢移动和读取状态来有效地定位其在DNA上的同源位点。无论机制的类型的整体速率增强因子渐近接近一个极限值,这是直接成比例的LA作为总长度的DNA,包含同源位点的增加。这些结果与体外实验观察结果一致。

英文摘要:

We develop revised theoretical ideas on the mechanism by which the transcription factor proteins locate their specific binding sites on DNA faster than the three-dimensional (3D) diffusion controlled rate limit. We demonstrate that the 3D-diffusion controlled rate limit can be enhanced when the protein molecule reads several possible binding stretches of the template DNA via one-dimensional (1D) diffusion upon each 3D-diffusion mediated collision or nonspecific binding event. The overall enhancement of site-specific association rate is directly proportional to the maximum possible sliding length (LA, square root of (6Do/kr) where Do is the 1D-diffusion coefficient and kr is the dissociation rate constant associated with the nonspecific DNA-protein complex) associated with the 1D-diffusion of protein molecule along DNA. Upon considering several possible mechanisms we find that the DNA binding proteins can efficiently locate their cognate sites on DNA by switching across fast-moving, slow-moving and reading states of their DNA binding domains in a cyclic manner. Irrespective of the type of mechanism the overall rate enhancement factor asymptotically approaches a limiting value which is directly proportional to LA as the total length of DNA that contains the cognate site increases. These results are consistent with the in vitro experimental observations.

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