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arXiv 1407.0740cond-mat.mtrl-sci
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对雪晶体生长的综合模型:3。水蒸气成冰与液态水成冰的对应关系

Toward a Comprehensive Model of Snow Crystal Growth: 3. The Correspondence Between Ice Growth from Water Vapor and Ice Growth from Liquid Water

Kenneth G. Libbrecht

摘要:

我们研究冰晶生长的水蒸气在温度接近的熔点,当表面预熔化在固体/蒸汽界面处创建一个quasiliquid层。最近的冰生长测量作为蒸汽过饱和度的函数已经证明了在这些温度下在基底表面上的大量成核势垒,从该成核势垒中可以使用经典成核理论提取分子阶跃能量。额外的冰生长测量从液态水作为一个功能的过冷表现出类似的成核障碍的基础表面上,产生大约相同的分子阶跃能量。这些数据表明,从水蒸气和从液态水的冰生长都很好地描述了基本上相同的基本成核现象在相当大的温度范围内。一个物理图片是新兴的,其中在固体/液体,固体/准液体,和固体/蒸汽界面的分子阶跃能量创建成核障碍,占主导地位的冰在广泛的条件下的生长行为。由于阶跃能量是一个平衡量,就像表面融化是一个平衡现象,存在着相当大的机会,使用多体模拟的冰表面结构和能量平衡,以更好地了解许多动态方面的冰晶生长。

英文摘要:

We examine ice crystal growth from water vapor at temperatures near the melting point, when surface premelting creates a quasiliquid layer at the solid/vapor interface. Recent ice growth measurements as a function of vapor supersaturation have demonstrated a substantial nucleation barrier on the basal surface at these temperatures, from which a molecular step energy can be extracted using classical nucleation theory. Additional ice growth measurements from liquid water as a function of supercooling exhibit a similar nucleation barrier on the basal surface, yielding about the same molecular step energy. These data suggest that ice growth from water vapor and from liquid water are both well described by essentially the same underlying nucleation phenomenon over a substantial temperature range. A physical picture is emerging in which molecular step energies at the solid/liquid, solid/quasiliquid, and solid/vapor interfaces create nucleation barriers that dominate the growth behavior of ice over a broad range of conditions. Since the step energy is an equilibrium quantity, just as surface melting is an equilibrium phenomenon, there exists a considerable opportunity to use many-body simulations of the ice surface structure and energetics at equilibrium to better understand many dynamical aspects of ice crystal growth.

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