太阳系外行星天基高对比度成像spectroscopy的光子计数EMCCD的表征
Characterization of a photon counting EMCCD for space-based high contrast imaging spectroscopy of extrasolar planets
摘要：
我们提出了一个低噪声，光子计数电子倍增电荷耦合器件（EMCCD）的工作在光学波长的表征进展，并展示了可能的解决方案的问题的时钟感应电荷（CIC）和其他陷阱电荷通过子带隙照明。这一探测器对于未来用于系外行星定性的天基直接成像和光谱学飞行任务的可行性至关重要，并计划随AFTA-WFIRST飞行任务飞行。512 $\times$ 512 EMCCD是一款e2 v探测器，由Nüvü Cameras控制器封装和计时。通过乘法增益寄存器，该探测器产生多达5000个电子的单个入射光子诱导的光电子在探测器中产生，使单光子计数操作与读取噪声和暗电流的数量级低于标准CCD。对比度极高（地日通量比为$\sim$ 10 $^{-10}$）和极暗目标（地球模拟物将测量28 $^{th}$ - 30 $^{th}$等或更暗），光子计数EMCCD对于在任务寿命的时间尺度内测量类地系外行星上的可居住性特征是绝对必要的，我们讨论了EMCCD进行这种测量的操作概念。
英文摘要：
We present the progress of characterization of a low-noise, photon counting Electron Multiplying Charged Coupled Device (EMCCD) operating in optical wavelengths and demonstrate possible solutions to the problems of Clock-Induced Charge (CIC) and other trapped charge through sub-bandgap illumination. Such a detector will be vital to the feasibility of future space-based direct imaging and spectroscopy missions for exoplanet characterization, and is scheduled to fly on-board the AFTA-WFIRST mission. The 512$\times$512 EMCCD is an e2v detector housed and clocked by a Nüvü Cameras controller. Through a multiplication gain register, this detector produces as many as 5000 electrons for a single, incident-photon-induced photoelectron produced in the detector, enabling single photon counting operation with read noise and dark current orders of magnitude below that of standard CCDs. With the extremely high contrasts (Earth-to-Sun flux ratio is $\sim$ 10$^{-10}$) and extremely faint targets (an Earth analog would measure 28$^{th}$ - 30$^{th}$ magnitude or fainter), a photon-counting EMCCD is absolutely necessary to measure the signatures of habitability on an Earth-like exoplanet within the timescale of a mission's lifetime, and we discuss the concept of operations for an EMCCD making such measurements.
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