arXiv 1406.60142014-06-23hep-thhep-phquant-ph

超对称的粒子破缺

Corpuscular Breaking of Supersymmetry

Gia Dvali, Cesar Gomez

备注：: 32 pages, Latex

摘要：

拓扑孤子是基本的还是复合的？我们回答这个问题，起草了一个微粒形式主义，其中孤子的量子成分的相干态。这自然会导致一个功能性的积分表示，其中经典的鞍点是达到最可能的分布微粒在$\hbar = 0$限制和量子微粒校正对应的偏移，从这样的分布只发生在有限的$\hbar$。出现了几个显著的特征。拓扑电荷以单个微粒携带的量子数的集体流出现。此外，微粒修正不能简化为任何已知形式的量子修正，例如耦合常数$\hbar g^2$或半经典$e^{-1/\hbar g^2}$效应中的环展开。微粒校正更强，并且已经出现在$\sqrt{\hbar g^2}$级。在超对称理论中，量子微粒修正一般会破坏超对称性。我们发现，畴壁微扰是一个BPS状态，违反所有的超对称性时，考虑到粒子效应。将微粒结构扩展到$D$ -膜，可以导致弦论中一个内置的超对称破缺机制，它对诸如模量稳定化之类的技术性不敏感，而超对称破缺尺度由弦耦合乘以$D$ -膜张力来确定。

英文摘要：

Are topological solitons elementary or composites? We answer this question by drawing up a corpuscular formalism in which solitons are coherent states of quantum constituents. This naturally leads to a functional integral representation, in which the classical saddle point is reached as the most probable distribution of corpuscles in the $\hbar = 0$ limit and where quantum corpuscular corrections correspond to excursions away from such a distribution that occur only for finite $\hbar$. Several striking features come up. Topological charge emerges as a collective flow of quantum numbers carried by individual corpuscles. Moreover, the corpuscular corrections are not reducible to any known form of quantum corrections, such as loop expansions in the coupling constant $\hbar g^2$ or semiclassical $e^{-1/\hbar g^2}$ effects. Corpuscular corrections are stronger and appear already at order $\sqrt{\hbar g^2}$. In SUSY theories quantum corpuscular corrections generically break supersymmetry. We show that a domain wall which perturbatively is a BPS state, violates all supersymmetries when the corpuscular effects are taken into account. The extension of the corpuscular structure to $D$-branes can lead to a built-in supersymmetry breaking mechanism in string theory, insensitive to technicalities such as moduli stabilization, with the SUSY breaking scale set by the string coupling times the $D$-brane tension.

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