arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1406.5604astro-ph.EP
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行星形成和演化的全球模型

Global Models of Planet Formation and Evolution

C. Mordasini, P. Mollière, K. -M. Dittkrist, S. Jin, Y. Alibert

摘要:

尽管关于系外行星的观测数据有所增加,但导致行星形成的过程仍然没有得到很好的理解。但由于已知的系外行星数量众多,现在有可能将它们视为一个对理论模型施加统计约束的群体。使用这些约束的一种方法是行星人口合成。它的关键要素是一个全球性的行星形成和演化模型,该模型根据出生原行星盘的性质直接预测可观测的行星性质。为此,全球模型建立在许多针对一个特定物理过程的专门模型之上。我们彻底检讨物理的子模型包括在全球形成模型。子模型可以分为描述原行星盘(气体和固体),(原)行星(固体核心,气体信封,和大气),最后的相互作用(迁移和N体相互作用)的模型。我们比较不同的全球模型的方法,并确定物理过程,需要改进的描述在未来。然后,我们解决人口合成的重要结果,如行星质量函数或质量半径关系。在这些结果中,行星形成和演化过程中发生的物理机制的全球效应变得明显,描述它们的专门模型可以进行观测测试。由于它们作为元模型的性质,全球模型依赖于整个行星形成理论领域的发展。由于这一理论存在重大的不确定性,全球模型将来可能会进行重大修改。尽管如此,它们现在已经可以产生许多可检验的预测。随着未来的全球模型解决地球物理特征,最终应该有可能对行星的可居住性做出预测。

英文摘要:

Despite the increase in observational data on exoplanets, the processes that lead to the formation of planets are still not well understood. But thanks to the high number of known exoplanets, it is now possible to look at them as a population that puts statistical constraints on theoretical models. A method that uses these constraints is planetary population synthesis. Its key element is a global model of planet formation and evolution that directly predicts observable planetary properties based on properties of the natal protoplanetary disk. To do so, global models build on many specialized models that address one specific physical process. We thoroughly review the physics of the sub-models included in global formation models. The sub-models can be classified as models describing the protoplanetary disk (gas and solids), the (proto)planet (solid core, gaseous envelope, and atmosphere), and finally the interactions (migration and N-body interaction). We compare the approaches in different global models and identify physical processes that require improved descriptions in future. We then address important results of population synthesis like the planetary mass function or the mass-radius relation. In these results, the global effects of physical mechanisms occurring during planet formation and evolution become apparent, and specialized models describing them can be put to the observational test. Due to their nature as meta models, global models depend on the development of the field of planet formation theory as a whole. Because there are important uncertainties in this theory, it is likely that global models will in future undergo significant modifications. Despite this, they can already now yield many testable predictions. With future global models addressing the geophysical characteristics, it should eventually become possible to make predictions about the habitability of planets.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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