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arXiv 1406.4982cond-mat.dis-nn
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纳米颗粒金属薄膜中的逾渗和隧穿机制理论

Theory of percolation and tunneling regimes in nanogranular metal films

C. Grimaldi

摘要:

纳米颗粒金属复合材料,由不混溶的金属和绝缘相沉积在基板上,其特征在于由两个不同的电子输运制度取决于金属相的相对量。在足够大的金属负载量,粒状金属表现为具有明确定义的临界浓度,在该浓度以上,物理连接的导电颗粒的宏观簇跨越整个样品的结晶系统。在临界负载以下,颗粒状金属膜处于介电状态,其中电流只能通过孤立的纳米级颗粒或簇之间的跳跃或隧穿过程在整个复合材料中流动。在这种情况下,迁移本质上是非扩散性的,因为无法确定迁移开始的临界浓度。它在这里示出,虽然是非常不同的性质,这两个制度可以描述通过处理渗流和跳跃在平等的基础上。通过考虑的微观结构和电连通性的一般特征,几个纳米颗粒金属膜的直流电导率的浓度依赖性再现到高精度内的有效介质的方法。特别是,适合发表的实验数据,使我们能够提取的微观参数的值,管理的渗流和隧穿制度,从而解释在纳米颗粒金属薄膜中观察到的传输特性。

英文摘要:

Nanogranular metal composites, consisting of immiscible metallic and insulating phases deposited on a substrate, are characterized by two distinct electronic transport regimes depending on the relative amount of the metallic phase. At sufficiently large metallic loadings, granular metals behave as percolating systems with a well-defined critical concentration above which macroscopic clusters of physically connected conductive particles span the entire sample. Below the critical loading, granular metal films are in the dielectric regime, where current can flow throughout the composite only via hopping or tunneling processes between isolated nanosized particles or clusters. In this case transport is intrinsically non-percolative in the sense that no critical concentration can be identified for the onset of transport. It is shown here that, although being very different in nature, these two regimes can be described by treating percolation and hopping on equal footing. By considering general features of the microstructure and of the electrical connectedness, the concentration dependence of the dc conductivity of several nanogranular metal films is reproduced to high accuracy within an effective medium approach. In particular, fits to published experimental data enable us to extract the values of microscopic parameters that govern the percolation and tunneling regimes, explaining thus the transport properties observed in nanogranular metal films.

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