未来的mmVLBI研究与ALMA：欧洲的愿景
Future mmVLBI Research with ALMA: A European vision
摘要：
毫米/亚毫米波长甚长基线干涉测量（mmVLBI）提供了天文学中任何波长下可达到的最高空间分辨率。ALMA作为相控阵列被纳入全球VLBI网络，将为mmVLBI带来前所未有的灵敏度和能力的转型飞跃。基于美国和欧洲多年来的开拓性努力，正在进行的ALMA分阶段项目（APP），美国领导的国际合作与MPIfR领导的欧洲贡献，预计将在2014年底前为ALMA提供波束形成器和VLBI能力（APP：Fish et al. 2013，arXiv：1309.3519）。本报告从欧洲的角度着重讨论国际用户界今后使用毫米甚长基线干涉仪的情况。首先，它突出了强烈的科学兴趣，在欧洲未来的毫米VLBI观测汇编从响应一般呼吁欧洲共同体未来的研究项目。提出了广泛的研究，其中包括：- 对银河系中心黑洞的事件视界进行成像-测试广义相对论理论和/或寻找替代理论-研究活动星系核喷流的起源和喷流的形成-星系和黑洞的宇宙演化，AGN反馈--银河系中的脉泽（在恒星和恒星形成区）-河外发射线和天体化学-遥远星系的红移吸收线和ISM和环核气体的研究-脉冲星，中子星，X射线双星.检验宇宙学.检验基本物理常数
英文摘要：
Very long baseline interferometry at millimetre/submillimetre wavelengths (mmVLBI) offers the highest achievable spatial resolution at any wavelength in astronomy. The anticipated inclusion of ALMA as a phased array into a global VLBI network will bring unprecedented sensitivity and a transformational leap in capabilities for mmVLBI. Building on years of pioneering efforts in the US and Europe the ongoing ALMA Phasing Project (APP), a US-led international collaboration with MPIfR-led European contributions, is expected to deliver a beamformer and VLBI capability to ALMA by the end of 2014 (APP: Fish et al. 2013, arXiv:1309.3519). This report focuses on the future use of mmVLBI by the international users community from a European viewpoint. Firstly, it highlights the intense science interest in Europe in future mmVLBI observations as compiled from the responses to a general call to the European community for future research projects. A wide range of research is presented that includes, amongst others: - Imaging the event horizon of the black hole at the centre of the Galaxy - Testing the theory of General Relativity an/or searching for alternative theories - Studying the origin of AGN jets and jet formation - Cosmological evolution of galaxies and BHs, AGN feedback - Masers in the Milky Way (in stars and star-forming regions) - Extragalactic emission lines and astro-chemistry - Redshifted absorption lines in distant galaxies and study of the ISM and circumnuclear gas - Pulsars, neutron stars, X-ray binaries - Testing cosmology - Testing fundamental physical constants
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