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arXiv 1406.2153hep-phhep-ex
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高能质子的相互作用区

The interaction region of high energy protons

I. M. Dremin

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25 pages, 6 figures, 1 Table, extended version, mini-review for Physics-Uspekhi
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摘要：

在大型强子对撞机上获得的关于质子-质子碰撞的新实验数据使人们能够强烈地拓宽能量区间，从而获得有关其相互作用区域结构的一些知识。利用幺正关系，结合衍射锥中弹性散射的实验数据，给出了碰撞质子相互作用区的形状和暗度随能量的变化。特别是，碰撞成为完全吸收在小的碰撞参量在LHC的能量，导致在非弹性过程的一些特殊功能，以及。讨论了从LHC的暗核到完全透明核的可能演变，这意味着黑盘的术语将被黑环面所取代。决定中心碰撞不透明度的参数也起着至关重要的作用，在衍射锥外的弹性散射的微分截面的行为，所有唯象模型的预测失败，在大型强子对撞机的能量。从幺正性条件可以看出，非前向散射时弹性散射振幅的实部与虚部之比的作用在那里变得决定性。所获得的结果允许估计这个比率以外的衍射锥的第一次通过与实验在LHC的能量恰好是显着不同的值在前向散射测量。此外，实部和虚部的行为在不同的唯象模型和基于幺正性条件的方法中是不同的。这个问题仍有待解决。这些结论都是在确定么正性条件的框架下，利用弹性散射的实验数据得到的。

英文摘要：

New experimental data about proton-proton collisions obtained atthe LHC allow to widen strongly the energy interval where one gets some knowledge about the structure of their interaction region. Using the unitarity relation in combination with experimental data about the elastic scattering in the diffraction cone, it is shown how the shape and the darkness of the interaction region of colliding protons change with increase of their energies. In particular, the collisions become fully absorptive at small impact parameters at LHC energies that results in some special features of inelastic processes as well. Possible evolution of the shape from the dark core at the LHC to the fully transparent one is discussed that implies the terminology of the black disk would be replaced by the black torus. The parameter which determines the opacity of central collisions also plays a crucial role in the behavior of the differential cross section of elastic scattering outside the diffraction cone where the predictions of all phenomenological models failed at LHC energies. The role of the ratio of real to imaginary part of the elastic scattering amplitude at non-forward scattering becomes decisive there as seen from the unitarity condition. The obtained results allow to estimate this ratio outside the diffraction cone for the first time by comparison with experiment at LHC energies which happens to be drastically different from its values measured at forward scattering. Moreover, the behaviors of the real and imaginary parts separately differ in different phenomeno- logical models and in the approach based on the unitarity condition. This problem is still waiting for its resolution. All the conclusions are only obtained in the framework of the indubitable unitarity condition using experimental data about the elastic scattering.

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