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arXiv 1405.7804quant-ph
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Förster共振下两个单原子间的相干偶极-偶极耦合

Coherent dipole-dipole coupling between two single atoms at a Förster resonance

Sylvain Ravets, Henning Labuhn, Daniel Barredo, Lucas Béguin, Thierry Lahaye, Antoine Browaeys

摘要:

共振能量转移,即通过偶极-偶极相互作用耦合的两个粒子之间的电子激发的非辐射再分布,是各种化学和生物现象的核心,最显著的是光合作用。1948年,福斯特建立了荧光共振能量转移(FRET)的理论基础,为FRET作为测定生物分子纳米尺度距离的“光谱标尺”的广泛使用奠定了基础。基本的机制是粒子之间的相干偶极-偶极耦合,这在量子力学的早期就已经被认识到,但这种相干性迄今为止还没有被直接观察到。在这里,我们研究,无论是在光谱和时域,相干,偶极诱导交换的电子激发两个单一的里德伯原子之间分开的控制距离为15微米,并通过施加一个小的电场进入共振。系统在两个简并对态之间的相干振荡发生在与距离的倒数三次方成比例的频率上,这是偶极-偶极相互作用的标志。我们的研究结果不仅表明,在最基本的两个原子,FRET的基本机制,但也打开了令人兴奋的前景,积极调整强,相干相互作用的量子多体系统。

英文摘要:

Resonant energy transfers, i.e. the non-radiative redistribution of an electronic excitation between two particles coupled by the dipole-dipole interaction, lie at the heart of a variety of chemical and biological phenomena, most notably photosynthesis. In 1948, Förster established the theoretical basis of fluorescence resonant energy transfer (FRET), paving the ground towards the widespread use of FRET as a "spectroscopic ruler" for the determination of nanometer-scale distances in biomolecules. The underlying mechanism is a coherent dipole-dipole coupling between particles, as already recognized in the early days of quantum mechanics, but this coherence was not directly observed so far. Here, we study, both spectroscopically and in the time domain, the coherent, dipolar-induced exchange of electronic excitations between two single Rydberg atoms separated by a controlled distance as large as 15 microns, and brought into resonance by applying a small electric field. The coherent oscillation of the system between two degenerate pair states occurs at a frequency that scales as the inverse third power of the distance, the hallmark of dipole-dipole interactions. Our results not only demonstrate, at the most fundamental level of two atoms, the basic mechanism underlying FRET, but also open exciting prospects for active tuning of strong, coherent interactions in quantum many-body systems.

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