基于快速数字示波器的高能$γ$射线简易谱仪
A simplified spectrometer based on a fast digital oscilloscope for the measurement of high energy $γ$-rays
摘要：
本文介绍了一种用于研究能量达$\sim100$ MeV的$γ$射线的简化数字谱仪，并进行了测试。该谱仪仅由一个快速数字示波器和三个闪烁探测器组成，它们可以工作在单一或符合模式下：两个BGO探测器包括$\varnothing\,7.62\times7.62$ cm BGO晶体和一个塑料探测器，包括有机聚苯乙烯基闪烁体。光谱仪的基本性能（能量分辨率，时间分辨率，$γ$射线探测效率）进行了详尽的研究，也使用基于Geant 4的蒙特卡罗模拟。提出了几种离线模式下处理波形的数值算法，并进行了测试，以执行数字定时，脉冲面积测量和无抑制地处理堆积事件。结果，光谱仪显示出比具有相同检测器的常见10位CAMAC ADC获得的能量分辨率更好的$\sim10\%$能量分辨率。基于脉冲波形分析的算法在恶劣条件下（堆积部分含有$\sim30\%$）具有较高的处理效率。所测量的光谱仪的最大计数率为$1.8\times10^5$波形/秒。
英文摘要：
A simplified digital spectrometer for the study of $γ$-rays with energies up to $\sim100$ MeV is presented and tested. The spectrometer is only consisted of a fast digital oscilloscope and three scintillation detectors which can work in single or in coincidence modes: two BGO-detectors comprising $\varnothing\,7.62\times7.62$ cm BGO-crystalls and one plastic detector which includes an organic polystyrene-based scintillator. The basic properties of the spectrometer (energy resolution, time resolution, $γ$-rays detection efficiency) were studied exhaustively also using a Geant4-based Monte-Carlo simulation. Several numerical algorithms for processing of waveforms in offline mode were proposed and tested to perform digital timing, pulse area measurement and processing of pile-up events without rejection. As a result, the spectrometer demonstrated $\sim10\%$ better energy resolution than was obtained by a common 10-bit CAMAC ADC with the same detectors. And the developed algorithm based on the pulse shape analysis for processing of pile-up events showed high efficiency under severe conditions (the portion of pile-ups contained $\sim30\%$). The measured maximum counting rate of the spectrometer was $1.8\times10^5$ waveforms/sec.
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