We have used ab initio density functional theory to compute the magnetic ground states of the surface alloy systems FeAu$_2$/Ru(0001) and MnAu$_2$/Ru(0001). For both systems, we find that the lowest energy magnetic configuration corresponds to a left-rotating spin spiral, in which the sense of rotation is determined by the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. These spirals are lower in energy than the ferromagnetic configuration by 3-4 meV per nm$^2$. We also find that FeAu$_2$/Ru(0001) has a significantly high magnetic anisotropy energy, of the order 1 meV per Fe atom. By comparing with the corresponding freestanding alloy monolayers, we find that the presence of the Ru substrate plays a significant role in determining the magnetic properties of the surface alloy systems.
Magnetostructural Transformation and Magnetoresponsive Properties of MnNiGe1-xSnx Alloys
采用X射线衍射（XRD）、差热分析（DTA）和磁化强度测量方法研究了MnNiGe 1-xSnx（0 \leq x \leq 0.200）合金的马氏体相变和磁相变。结果表明，随着Sn替代量的增加，MnNiGe_（1-x）Sn_x的马氏体相变温度从460 K降低到100 K，马氏体中AFM螺旋结构转变为反平行AFM结构。在此基础上，获得了显著的磁场诱导PM/spiral-AFM和FM/AFM磁结构转变以及较大的正、负磁热效应。Mn Ni Ge_（1-x）Sn_x合金的磁响应效应因Sn的替代而增强。提出了MnNiGe_（1-x）Snx合金的结构和磁性相图。
The quasistatic problem of shape memory alloys is reviewed within the phenomenological mechanics of solids without microphysics analysis. The assumption is that the temperature variation rate is small. Reissner's type of generalized variational principle is presented, and its mathematical justification is given for three-dimensional bodies made of shape memory materials.
Materials exhibiting zero thermal expansion (ZTE), namely, volume invariance during temperature change, can resist thermal shock and are highly desired in modern industries as high-precision components. However, pure ZTE materials are rare, especially those that are metallic. Here, we report the discovery of a pure metallic ZTE material: an orthorhombic Mn1-xNixCoSi spiral magnet. The introduction of Ni can efficiently enhance the ferromagnetic exchange interaction and construct the transition from a spiral magnetic state to a ferromagnetic-like state in MnCoSi-based alloys. Systematic in situ…
Alloying is a successful strategy for tuning the phases and properties of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). To accelerate the synthesis of new TMDC alloys, we present a method for generating temperature-composition equilibrium phase diagrams by combining first-principles total energy calculations with thermodynamic solution models. This method is applied to three representative 2D TMDC alloys: an isostructural alloy, MoS2(1-x)Te2x, and two heterostructural alloys, Mo1-xWxTe2 and WS2(1-x)Te2x. We show that the mixing enthalpy of the entire composition range of these…
The present work examines the effect of alloying elements (denoted X) on the ideal shear strength for 26 dilute Ni-based alloys, Ni$_{11}$X, as determined by first-principles calculations of pure alias shear deformations. The variations in ideal shear strength are quantitatively explored with correlational analysis techniques, showing the importance of atomic properties such as size and electronegativity. The shear moduli of the alloys are affirmed to show a strong linear relationship with their ideal shear strengths, while the shear moduli of the individual alloying elements were not indicati…
The design of corrosion-resistant high entropy alloys (CR-HEAs) is challenging due to the alloys' virtually astrological composition space. To facilitate this, efficient and reliable high-throughput exploratory approaches are needed. Toward this end, the current work reports a first-principles-based approach exploiting the correlations between work function, surface energy, and corrosion resistance (i.e., work function and surface energy are, by definitions, proportional and inversely proportional to an alloy's inherent corrosion resistance, respectively). Two Bayesian CALPHAD models (or datab…
We studied the stable magnetic structure of ordered Nd$_{6}$Fe$_{14-x}$Ga$_x$ ($x = 0, 1)$ alloys, which appears in the grain-boundary (GB) phase of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets, using first-principles techniques. Slight Ga doping ($x = 1$) was shown to contribute to the stabilization of an anti-ferromagnetic (AF) state, whereas the non-doped case ($x = 0$) was revealed to favor ferromagnetic state rather than AF state with a slight energy difference.
The Kubo-Greenwood equation, in combination with the first-principles Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker Coherent Potential Approximation (KKR-CPA) can be used to calculate the DC residual resistivity of random alloys at T = 0 K. We implemented this method in a multiple scattering theory based ab initio package, MuST, and applied it to the ab initio study of the residual resistivity of the high entropy alloy Al$_x$CoCrFeNi as a function of $x$. The calculated resistivities are compared with experimental data. We also predict the residual resistivity of refractory high entropy alloy MoNbTaV$_x$W. The calcu…
Half-metallic ferrimagnetism in the [Sc$_{1-x}$V$_x$]C and [Sc$_{1-x} $V$_x$]Si alloys adopting the zinc-blende and wurtzite structures from first-principles
采用第一性原理计算方法研究了[Sc $_{1-x}$ V $_x$ ]C和[Sc $_{1-x}$ V $_x$ ]Si合金的结构、电子和磁性.在平衡岩盐结构中，所有合金都是无磁性的。锌钛矿和纤锌矿结构相对于总能量退化。对于所有的浓度，在这些晶格结构中的合金是半金属与位于自旋下降带的间隙。总自旋矩遵循Slater Pauling行为，在理想ScC和ScSi合金的-1 $μ_B$和理想VC和VSi合金的+1 $μ_B$之间线性变化。对于中等浓度的V和Sc原子具有反平行的自旋磁矩，化合物是半金属亚铁磁体。在临界浓度下，[Sc $_{0.5}$ V $_{0.5}$ ]C和[Sc $_{0.5}$ V $_{0.5}$ ]Si合金的总自旋-磁矩为零，但C基合金表现出半导体行为，而Si基合金则是半金属反铁磁体。
Temperature and composition dependence of the band gaps of Ga$_{1-x}$In$_x$N alloy: a first-principles study based on the virtual crystal approximation
本文采用第一性原理的虚晶近似（VCA）方法研究了Ga $_{1-x}$ In $_x$ N合金的结构、电子和振动性质。用TB 09泛函获得了3.85 eV的带隙弯曲参数。声子态密度随着In含量的增加向低频移动。然而，VCA忽略了无序效应，因此无法描述合金化后声子谱的展宽。本文还研究了GAN、InN及其合金Ga $_{1-x}$ In $_x$ N的电子-声子相互作用对带隙温度依赖性的影响。计算的零点运动重整化和拟合的Varshni参数在整个组成范围内进行了讨论。
In order to shed light on the second harmonic generation (SHG) of new 2-D systems, first principles methods are used to calculate the second order susceptibility χ(2) for different types of layered alloys such as monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) alloys, TMD Haeckelite alloys, nanotubes of TMD alloys, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) systems which include BxNyCz alloys, BN and BNC2 nanotubes, BxNxCy Haeckelites and BN Schwarzites (porous BN). It is found that the tungsten based alloys possess higher χ(2) than Mo based at high photon energies, but at low energies, one type of Mo…
Light-weight alloys are essential pillars of transportation technologies. They also play a crucial role to achieve a more green and cost-effective aerospace technologies. Magnesium-lithium-aluminum (Mg-Li-Al) alloys are auspicious candidates due to their promising mechanical strengths at low densities. We herein present a systematic first-principles investigation of the Mg-Li-Al-based alloys to provide insights for designing ultra-strong light-weight alloys. Initial analysis indicates that the Mg-Li-Al mixtures are not thermally stabilized into random-solid solutions. Following this hint, the …
Alloying elements play an important role in the design of plasma facing materials with good comprehensive properties. Based on first-principles calculations, the stability of alloying element W and its interaction with vacancy defects in Ta-W alloys are studied. The results show that W tends to distribute dispersedly in Ta lattice, and is not likely to form precipitation even with the coexistence of vacancy. The aggregation behaviors of W and vacancy can be affected by their concentration competition. The increase of W atoms has a negative effect on the vacancy clustering, as well as delays th…
The rapid degradation of the functional properties of many Ti-based alloys is due to the precipitation of the $ω$ phase. In the conventional high-temperature shape memory alloy Ti-Ta the formation of this phase compromises completely the shape memory effect and high (>100°C) transformation temperatures cannot be mantained during cycling. A solution to this problem is the addition of other elements to form Ti-Ta-X alloys, which often modifies the transformation temperatures; due to the largely unexplored space of possible compositions, very few elements are known to stabilize the shape memory e…
We present and compare three distinct atomistic models -- based on first principles and semi-empirical approaches -- of the structural and electronic properties of Ge$_{1-x}$Sn$_{x}$ alloys. Density functional theory calculations incorporating Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof (HSE) and modified Becke-Johnson (mBJ) exchange-correlation functionals are used to perform structural relaxation and electronic structure calculations for a series of Ge$_{1-x}$Sn$_{x}$ alloy supercells. Based on HSE calculations, a semi-empirical valence force field (VFF) potential and $sp^{3}s^{\ast}$ tight-binding (TB) Hamilto…
High $ZT$ value and large Seebeck coefficient have been reported in the nanostructured Fe-doped Si-Ge alloys. In this work, the large Seebeck coefficient in Fe-doped Si-Ge systems is qualitatively reproduced from the computed electronic density of states, where a hybrid functional, HSE06, is used for an exchange-correlation functional, as well as a special quasi-random structure (SQS) for a disordered atomic configuration. Furthermore, by replacing Fe with other transition metals, such as Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Au, a better dopant that produces a larger Seebeck coefficient in Si-Ge alloy syst…
Modeling the Equilibrium Vacancy Concentration in Multi-Principal Element Alloys from First-Principles
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne（洛桑联邦理工学院）；Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne（洛桑联邦理工学院材料研究所）；Laboratory of materials design and simulation (MADES), Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne（洛桑联邦理工学院材料研究所材料与模拟实验室）；National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne（洛桑联邦理工学院新材料计算设计与发现国家中心）
Precipitation during high temperature aging of Al-Cu alloys is analyzed by means of the integration of classical nucleation theory and phase-field simulations into a multiscale modelling approach based on well-established thermodynamics principles. In particular, thermal stability of $θ''$, $θ'$ and $θ$ precipitates was assessed from first principles calculations of the Helmholtz free energy while homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation of $θ''$ and $θ'$ was analysed using classical nucleation theory. Precipitate growth was finally computed by means of mesoscopic phase-field model. The model …
Electronic structure and spin polarization of Fe$_{1-x}$Mn(Co,Ni)$_x$S$_2$ alloys from first principles
用密度泛函方法研究了T=Mn，Co，Ni取代对FeS $_2$合金化的影响.本文研究了铁磁合金Fe $_{1-x}$ T $_x$ S $_2$的$x=\frac{1}{4},\frac{1}{2},\frac{3}{4}$浓度和纯化合物的基态。的电子结构进行了讨论，以确定候选人的半金属，这是感兴趣的自旋电子学应用的目标。我们发现有趣的候选人在高浓度的Mn掺杂的FeS $_2$和低浓度的Ni掺杂的材料。对于Mn合金，我们还注意到接近低自旋到高自旋的转变。对于Co掺杂的材料，我们再现了在整个浓度范围内的半金属度的众所周知的发现。
A palladium-based (Pd-based) core@shell catalyst can be modified to achieve the desired oxygen adsorption properties by selecting an appropriate core composition, surface alloying, and compressive strain. Herein, we present the effects of compressive strain, core composition, and surface alloying in Pd3Ni@PdIr(111), Pd3CuNi@PdIr(111), and Pd3Cu@PdIr(111) alloy-core@alloy-shell catalysts on dioxygen adsorption. Using experimental lattice parameters for the unstrained catalysts, -1% to -5%, the strain was systematically introduced. The calculated dioxygen-adsorption energies for the surface Pd a…
We report results on electronic transport properties of liquid Fe-S alloys at conditions of planetary cores, computed by first-principle techniques in the Kubo-Greenwood formalism. We describe a combined effect of resistivity saturation due to temperature, compression, and chemistry by comparing the electron mean free path from the Drude response of optical conductivity to the mean interatomic distance. At high compression and high sulfur concentration the Ioffe-Regel condition is satisfied, and the temperature coefficient of resistivity changes sign from positive to negative. We show that thi…
Impurity diffusion in Zr is potentially important for many applications of Zr alloys, and in particular for their use of nuclear reactor cladding. However, significant uncertainty presently exists about which elements are vacancy vs. interstitial diffusers, which can inhibit understanding and prediction of their behavior under different temperature, irradiation, and alloying conditions. Therefore, first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) have been employed to predict the temperature-dependent dilute impurity diffusion coefficients for 14 substitutional alloying el…
First principles molecular dynamics study of amorphous Si\sub{1-x}Ge\sub{x}:H alloys
利用第一性原理局域基分子动力学模拟研究了非晶Si \sub{1-x} Ge \sub{x}：H合金的结构、动力学和电子学性质。分析了非晶网络的拓扑结构和缺陷。结构变化和缺陷数量的增加已被发现作为Ge原子百分比从x=0.1增加到x=0.5。随着Ge浓度的增加，电子态密度呈现出带隙减小、带隙中缺陷态和带尾缺陷态增加的趋势。态密度带尾的研究显示出指数（Urbach）行为。的迁移率间隙估计作为Ge浓度的函数。
High lattice thermal conductivity in half-Heusler alloys has been the major bottleneck in thermoelectric applications. Disordered half-Heusler alloys could be a plausible alternative to this predicament. In this paper, utilizing first-principles simulations, we have demonstrated the low lattice thermal conductivity in two such phases, NbFe$_{0.5}$Ni$_{0.5}$Sn and TaFe$_{0.5}$Ni$_{0.5}$Sn, in comparison to well-known half-Heusler alloy TiCoSb. We trace the low thermal conductivity to their short phonon lifetime, originating from the interaction among acoustic and low-lying optical phonons. We r…
The remarkable mechanical properties of high entropy alloys can be further improved by interstitial alloying. In this work we employ density functional theory calculations to study the solution energies of dilute carbon interstitial atoms in tetrahedral and octahedral sites in bcc HfNbTiVZr. Our results indicate that carbon interstitials in tetrahedral sites are unstable, and the preferred octahedral sites present a large spread in the energy of solution. The inclusion of carbon interstitials induces large structural relaxations with long-range effects. The effect of local chemical environment…
Materials with large magnetostriction are widely used in sensors, actuators, micro electromechanical systems, and energy-harvesters. Binary Fe-Ga alloys (Galfenol) are the most promising rare-earth-free candidates combining numerous advantages such as low saturation magnetic field (~200 Oe), excellent ductility and low cost, while further improving their performance is imperative for practical applications. Using density functional theory calculation, we report results of the effect of substituting small amount of additional elements X (eg. X = Ag, Pd and Cu) on magnetostriction of Fe-Ga alloy…
