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arXiv 1405.2116quant-ph
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语境性是关于随机变量的同一性

Contextuality is About Identity of Random Variables

Ehtibar N. Dzhafarov, Janne V. Kujala

摘要:

上下文情境是指那些看似“相同”的随机变量根据其记录的条件而改变其身份的情境。当假设变量在不同的条件下是一个相同的变量时,当我们考虑它与其他随机变量的联合分布时,就会观察到这种恒等式的变化(这是所有贝尔型定理的本质)。在我们的默认上下文方法中,而不是询问条件为什么或如何迫使“同一个”随机变量改变“它的”身份,在不同条件下记录的任何两个随机变量都被认为是“自动”不同的。它们永远不会相同,也不是联合分布的,但人们总是可以对它们施加联合分布(概率耦合)。当这些随机变量的概率等于1时,存在耦合的特殊情况被认为是非上下文的。语境性意味着这种耦合并不存在。我们认为,确定的随机变量的身份下,他们被记录的条件是不是一个因果关系,不能违反物理定律。

英文摘要:

Contextual situations are those in which seemingly "the same" random variable changes its identity depending on the conditions under which it is recorded. Such a change of identity is observed whenever the assumption that the variable is one and the same under different conditions leads to contradictions when one considers its joint distribution with other random variables (this is the essence of all Bell-type theorems). In our Contextuality-by-Default approach, instead of asking why or how the conditions force "one and the same" random variable to change "its" identity, any two random variables recorded under different conditions are considered different "automatically". They are never the same, nor are they jointly distributed, but one can always impose on them a joint distribution (probabilistic coupling). The special situations when there is a coupling in which these random variables are equal with probability 1 are considered non-contextual. Contextuality means that such couplings do not exist. We argue that the determination of the identity of random variables by conditions under which they are recorded is not a causal relationship and cannot violate laws of physics.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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