智能电网分布式需求侧管理框架
A Distributed Demand-Side Management Framework for the Smart Grid
摘要：
本文提出了一个完全分布式的需求侧管理系统的智能电网基础设施，特别是量身定制，以减少高峰需求的居民用户。特别是，我们使用动态定价策略，其中能源价格是客户整体电力需求的函数。我们考虑两个实际情况：（1）一个完全分布式的方法，其中每个设备自主决定自己的调度，和（2）一个混合的方法，其中每个用户必须安排他的所有设备。我们数值分析这两种方法，表明它们的特点是几乎相同的性能水平，在所有考虑的网格场景。我们使用非合作博弈理论的方法建模的建议系统，并证明我们的游戏是一个广义序势在一般条件下。此外，我们提出了一个简单而有效的最佳响应策略，证明收敛在几个步骤中的纯纳什均衡，从而证明了鲁棒性的电力调度计划，而无需任何中央协调的运营商或客户。使用真实负载曲线和应用模型获得的数值结果表明，以完全分布式方式实现的系统范围内的峰值吸收可以减少高达55%，从而降低满足不断增长的能源需求所需的资本支出（CAPEX）。
英文摘要：
This paper proposes a fully distributed Demand-Side Management system for Smart Grid infrastructures, especially tailored to reduce the peak demand of residential users. In particular, we use a dynamic pricing strategy, where energy tariffs are function of the overall power demand of customers. We consider two practical cases: (1) a fully distributed approach, where each appliance decides autonomously its own scheduling, and (2) a hybrid approach, where each user must schedule all his appliances. We analyze numerically these two approaches, showing that they are characterized practically by the same performance level in all the considered grid scenarios. We model the proposed system using a non-cooperative game theoretical approach, and demonstrate that our game is a generalized ordinal potential one under general conditions. Furthermore, we propose a simple yet effective best response strategy that is proved to converge in a few steps to a pure Nash Equilibrium, thus demonstrating the robustness of the power scheduling plan obtained without any central coordination of the operator or the customers. Numerical results, obtained using real load profiles and appliance models, show that the system-wide peak absorption achieved in a completely distributed fashion can be reduced up to 55%, thus decreasing the capital expenditure (CAPEX) necessary to meet the growing energy demand.
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