We generalize the notions of the orbifold Euler characteristic and of the higher order orbifold Euler characteristics to spaces with actions of a compact Lie group. This is made using the integration with respect to the Euler characteristic instead of the summation over finite sets. We show that the equation for the generating series of the k-th order orbifold Euler characteristics of the Cartesian products of the space with the wreath products actions proved by H. Tamanoi for finite group actions and by C. Farsi and Ch. Seaton for compact Lie group actions with finite isotropy subgroups holds in this case as well.
We introduce the $Γ$-Euler-Satake characteristics of a general orbifold $Q$ presented by an orbifold groupoid $\mathcal{G}$, generalizing to orbifolds that are not necessarily global quotients the generalized orbifold Euler characteristics of Bryan-Fulman and Tamanoi. Each of these Euler characteristics is defined as the Euler-Satake characteristic of the space of $Γ$-sectors of the orbifold where $Γ$ is a finitely generated discrete group. We study the behavior of these characteristics under product operations applied to the group $Γ$ as well as the orbifold and establish their relationships …
Generating functions for the number of commuting m-tuples in the symmetric groups are obtained. We define a natural sequence of ``orbifold Euler characteristics'' for a finite group G acting on a manifold X. Our definition generalizes the ordinary Euler characteristic of X/G and the string-theoretic orbifold Euler characteristic. Our formulae for commuting m-tuples underlie formulas that generalize the results of Macdonald and Hirzebruch-Hofer concerning the ordinary and string-theoretic Euler characteristics of symmetric products.
We determine the extent to which the collection of $Γ$-Euler-Satake characteristics classify closed 2-orbifolds. In particular, we show that the closed, connected, effective, orientable 2-orbifolds are classified by the collection of $Γ$-Euler-Satake characteristics corresponding to free or free abelian $Γ$ and are not classified by those corresponding to any finite collection of finitely generated discrete groups. Similarly, we show that such a classification is not possible for non-orientable 2-orbifolds and any collection of $Γ$, nor for noneffective 2-orbifolds. As a corollary, we generate…
For a finitely presented discrete group $Γ$, we introduce two generalizations of the orbifold Euler characteristic and $Γ$-orbifold Euler characteristic to a class of proper topological groupoids large enough to include all cocompact proper Lie groupoids. The $Γ$-Euler characteristic is defined as an integral with respect to the Euler characteristic over the orbit space of the groupoid, and the $Γ$-inertia Euler characteristic is the usual Euler characteristic of the $Γ$-inertia space associated to the groupoid. A key ingredient is the application of o-minimal structures to study orbit spaces …
We introduce the notion of generalized orbifold Euler characteristic associated to an arbitrary group, and study its properties. We then calculate generating functions of higher order (p-primary) orbifold Euler characteristic of symmetric products of a G-manifold M. As a corollary, we obtain a formula for the number of conjugacy classes of d-tuples of mutually commuting elements (of order powers of p) in the wreath product G wreath S_n in terms of corresponding numbers of G. As a topological application, we present generating functions of Euler characteristic of equivariant Morava K-theories o…
We present generating functions for extensions of multiplicative invariants of wreath symmetric products of orbifolds presented as the quotient by the locally free action of a compact, connected Lie group in terms of orbifold sector decompositions. Particularly interesting instances of these product formulas occur for the Euler and Euler--Satake characteristics, which we compute for a class of weighted projective spaces. This generalizes results known for global quotients by finite groups to all closed, effective orbifolds. We also describe a combinatorial approach to extensions of multiplicat…
We introduce a complete obstruction to the existence of nonvanishing vector fields on a closed orbifold $Q$. Motivated by the inertia orbifold, the space of multi-sectors, and the generalized orbifold Euler characteristics, we construct for each finitely generated group $Γ$ an orbifold called the space of $Γ$-sectors of $Q$. The obstruction occurs as the Euler-Satake characteristics of the $Γ$-sectors for an appropriate choice of $Γ$; in the case that $Q$ is oriented, this obstruction is expressed as a cohomology class, the $Γ$-Euler-Satake class. We also acquire a complete obstruction in the …
Lie groupoids generalize transformation groups, and so provide a natural language for studying orbifolds and other noncommutative geometries. In this paper, we investigate a connection between orbifolds and equivariant stable homotopy theory using such groupoids. A different sort of twisted sector, along with a classical theorem of tom Dieck, allows for a natural definition of stable orbifold homotopy groups, and motivates defining extended unstable orbifold homotopy groups generalizing previous definitions.
We propose a notion of 1-homotopy for generalized maps. This notion generalizes those of natural transformation and ordinary homotopy for functors. The 1-homotopy type of a Lie groupoid is shown to be invariant under Morita equivalence. As an application we consider orbifolds as groupoids and study the notion of orbifold 1-homotopy type induced by a 1-homotopy between presentations of the orbifold maps.
We show that every bad orbifold vector bundle can be realized as the restriction of a good orbifold vector bundle to a suborbifold of the base space. We give an explicit construction of this result in which the Chen-Ruan orbifold cohomology of the two base spaces are isomorphic (as additive groups). This construction is used to indicate an extension of the Chern-Weil construction of characteristic classes to bad orbifold vector bundles. In particular, we apply this construction to the orbifold Euler class and demonstrate that it acts as an obstruction to the existence of nonvanishing sections.
We propose a new homotopy invariant for Lie groupoids which generalizes the classical Lusternik-Schnirelmann category for topological spaces. We use a bicategorical approach to develop a notion of contraction in this context. We propose a notion of homotopy between generalized maps given by the 2-arrows in a certain bicategory of fractions. This notion is invariant under Morita equivalence. Thus, when the groupoid defines an orbifold, we have a well defined LS-category for orbifolds. We prove an orbifold version of the classical Lusternik-Schnirelmann theorem for critical points.
Let ${mathcal M}_g^n$ be the moduli space of n-pointed Riemann surfaces of genus g. Denote by ${\bar {\mathcal M}}_g^n$ the Deligne-Mumford compactification of ${mathcal M}_g^n$. In the present paper, we calculate the orbifold and the ordinary Euler characteristic of ${\bar {\mathcal M}}_g^n$ for any g and n such that n>2-2g.
The Euler characteristic of a finite category is defined and shown to be compatible with Euler characteristics of other types of object, including orbifolds. A formula for the cardinality of the colimit of a diagram of sets is proved, generalizing the classical inclusion-exclusion formula. Both rest on a generalization of Mobius-Rota inversion from posets to categories.
For a finitely generated discrete group $Γ$, the $Γ$-sectors of an orbifold $Q$ are a disjoint union of orbifolds corresponding to homomorphisms from $Γ$ into a groupoid presenting $Q$. Here, we show that the inertia orbifold and $k$-multi-sectors are special cases of the $Γ$-sectors, and that the $Γ$-sectors are orbifold covers of Leida's fixed-point sectors. In the case of a global quotient, we show that the $Γ$-sectors correspond to orbifolds considered by other authors for global quotient orbifolds as well as their direct generalization to the case of an orbifold given by a quotient by a L…
It is well-known that an effective orbifold M (one for which the local stabilizer groups act effectively) can be presented as a quotient of a smooth manifold P by a locally free action of a compact lie group K. We use the language of groupoids to provide a partial answer to the question of whether a noneffective orbifold can be so presented. We also note some connections to stacks and gerbes.
In the mid eighties Goldman proved an embedded curve could be isotoped to not intersect a closed geodesic if and only if their Lie bracket (as defined in that work) vanished. Goldman asked for a topological proof and about extensions of the conclusion to curves with self-intersection. Turaev, in the late eighties, asked about characterizing simple closed curves algebraically, in terms of the same Lie structure. We show how the Goldman bracket answers these questions for all finite type surfaces. In fact we count self-intersection numbers and mutual intersection numbers for all finite type orie…
In this paper we present a model to calculate the stringy product on twisted orbifold K-theory of Adem-Ruan-Zhang for abelian complex orbifolds. In the first part we consider the non-twisted case on an orbifold presented as the quotient of a manifold acted by a compact abelian Lie group. We give an explicit description of the obstruction bundle, we explain the relation with the product defined by Jarvis-Kaufmann-Kimura and, via a Chern character map, with the Chen-Ruan cohomology, and we explicitely calculate the stringy product for a weighted projective orbifold. In the second part we conside…
Let G be a countable discrete group and let M be a smooth proper cocompact G-manifold without boundary. The Euler operator defines via Kasparov theory an element, called the equivariant Euler class, in the equivariant K-homology of M. The universal equivariant Euler characteristic of M, which lives in a group U^G(M), counts the equivariant cells of M, taking the component structure of the various fixed point sets into account. We construct a natural homomorphism from U^G(M) to the equivariant KO-homology of M. The main result of this paper says that this map sends the universal equivariant Eul…
We describe various equivalent ways of associating to an orbifold, or more generally a higher étale differentiable stack, a weak homotopy type. Some of these ways extend to arbitrary higher stacks on the site of smooth manifolds, and we show that for a differentiable stack X arising from a Lie groupoid G, the weak homotopy type of X agrees with that of BG. Using this machinery, we are able to find new presentations for the weak homotopy type of certain classifying spaces. In particular, we give a new presentation for the Borel construction of an almost free action of a Lie group G on a smooth …
