近共振二能级系统的腔量子电动力学：Glauber态的出现
Cavity quantum electrodynamics using a near-resonance two-level system: emergence of the Glauber state
摘要：
超导体中的随机隧穿二能级系统（TLS）由于对超导量子比特的性能产生不利影响而引起人们的兴趣。TLS与量子位的耦合允许单独的TLS表征，这在以前仅限于由氧化铝制成的（薄）约瑟夫森隧道势垒内的TLS。在这里，我们报告了在集总元件LC微波谐振器的电容器内测量单个TLS，该谐振器形成了腔量子电动力学（CQED）系统，并允许在与量子比特不同的结构和材料中进行单个TLS表征。由于电介质的体积减小（80 $μ$ m $^{3}$），即使具有中等电介质厚度（250 nm），我们也实现了强耦合制度，如在腔光谱中观察到的真空拉比分裂所证明的。用Jaynes-Cummings光谱模型分析，在氮化硅膜中观察到相干时间为3.2 $μ$ s的TLS，这比从超导量子比特中看到的要大。随着驱动功率的增加，我们观察到一个不寻常的，但可以解释的一组连续和离散的交叉从真空拉比分裂过渡到Glauber（相干）状态。
英文摘要：
Random tunneling two-level systems (TLSs) in dielectrics have been of interest recently because they adversely affect the performance of superconducting qubits. The coupling of TLSs to qubits has allowed individual TLS characterization, which has previously been limited to TLSs within (thin) Josephson tunneling barriers made from aluminum oxide. Here we report on the measurement of an individual TLS within the capacitor of a lumped-element LC microwave resonator, which forms a cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) system and allows for individual TLS characterization in a different structure and material than demonstrated with qubits. Due to the reduced volume of the dielectric (80 $μ$m$^{3}$), even with a moderate dielectric thickness (250 nm), we achieve the strong coupling regime as evidenced by the vacuum Rabi splitting observed in the cavity spectrum. A TLS with a coherence time of 3.2 $μ$s was observed in a film of silicon nitride as analyzed with a Jaynes-Cummings spectral model, which is larger than seen from superconducting qubits. As the drive power is increased, we observe an unusual but explicable set of continuous and discrete crossovers from the vacuum Rabi split transitions to the Glauber (coherent) state.
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