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arXiv 1404.6540astro-ph.GA
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Andromeda Galaxy周围存在大质量、扩展的环银河系介质的证据

Evidence for a Massive, Extended Circumgalactic Medium Around the Andromeda Galaxy

Nicolas Lehner, Chris Howk, Bart Wakker

摘要:

我们证明了一个扩展的和大规模的环星系介质(CGM)周围的M31使用档案HST COS紫外光谱的18个类星体投影在两个维里半径的M31(Rvir=300千秒差距)。我们在R<0.2Rvir的所有3条视线上,在0.8<R/Rvir<1.1的4条视线中的3条视线上,以及在1.1<R/Rvir <1.8的11条视线中的1条视线上,以-300<vLSR}<-150 km/s检测到来自Si III的吸收。我们提出了几个论点,在这些方向上观察到的气体在这些速度起源于CGM的M31,而不是本地集团或银河系CGM或麦哲伦流。我们发现,矮星系位于CGM的M31有非常相似的速度在类似的投影距离M31。我们发现,只有在这些速度下,所有离子的柱密度(N)与R之间才存在非平凡的关系,其中N随R的增加而减小。在R<0.2Rvir时,仅在M31的内部CGM中检测到单电离物质。在R&lt;0.8 Rvir时,SiIII和CIV的覆盖分数接近于1(fc~60%-97%,90%置信水平),但下降到fc <10-20% at R>Rvir。我们表明,M31 CGM气体是束缚的,多相的,主要是电离的(即,HII&gt;&gt;HI),并在较大的R下变成更高电离的气体。我们用SiII、SiIII和SiIV估算出CGM的金属质量至少为2x10^6 Msun,气体质量大于3x10^9(Zsun/Z)Msun,误差在0.2 Rvir范围内,可能在Rvir范围内大10倍,这意味着M31的CGM中有大量的金属和气体质量。与COS-Halos巡天中的星系相比,M31的CGM似乎是L* 星系的典型特征。

英文摘要:

We demonstrate the presence of an extended and massive circumgalactic medium (CGM) around Messier 31 using archival HST COS ultraviolet spectroscopy of 18 QSOs projected within two virial radii of M31 (Rvir=300 kpc). We detect absorption from SiIII at -300<vLSR}<-150 km/s toward all 3 sightlines at R<0.2Rvir, 3 of 4 sightlines at 0.8<R/Rvir<1.1, and possibly 1 of 11 at 1.1<R/Rvir<1.8. We present several arguments that the gas at these velocities observed in these directions originates from the CGM of M31 rather than the Local Group or Milky Way CGM or Magellanic Stream. We show that the dwarf galaxies located in the CGM of M31 have very similar velocities over similar projected distances from M31. We find a non-trivial relationship only at these velocities between the column densities (N) of all the ions and R, whereby N decreases with increasing R. Singly ionized species are only detected in the inner CGM of M31 at R<0.2Rvir. At R<0.8 Rvir, the covering fraction is close to unity for SiIII and CIV (fc~60%-97% at the 90% confidence level), but drops to fc<10-20% at R>Rvir. We show that the M31 CGM gas is bound, multiphase, predominantly ionized (i.e., HII>>HI), and becomes more highly ionized gas at larger R. We estimate using SiII, SiIII, and SiIV a CGM metal mass of at least 2x10^6 Msun and gas mass of >3x10^9(Zsun/Z) Msun within 0.2 Rvir, and possibly a factor ~10 larger within Rvir, implying substantial metal and gas masses in the CGM of M31. Compared with galaxies in the COS-Halos survey, the CGM of M31 appears to be quite typical for a L* galaxy.

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