南部的诺贝尔奖，$σ$介子和可见物质的质量
Nambu's Nobel Prize, the $σ$ meson and the mass of visible matter
摘要：
在LHC正在进行的实验中发现了电弱希格斯玻色子，导致这种粒子的质量为126 GeV。这种希格斯玻色子介导了基本粒子的质量产生，包括基本（电流）夸克的质量。这些当前夸克质量使得98%的原子质量无法解释。这一大部分是由强相互作用介导的，其中$σ$介子代替希格斯玻色子是介导粒子。虽然$σ$介子早在1957年就被Schwinger发现，但由于没有被观测到，并被怀疑存在，因此在许多强子性质的理论中被排除在外。随着最近在MAMI（Mainz）核子康普顿散射实验中对$σ$介子的观测，对这一课题的实验和理论研究现状进行了回顾。
英文摘要：
The electroweak Higgs boson has been discovered in ongoing experiments at the LHC, leading to a mass of this particle of 126 GeV. This Higgs boson mediates the generation of mass for elementary particles, including the mass of elementary (current) quarks. These current-quark masses leave 98% of the mass of the atom unexplained. This large fraction is mediated by strong interaction, where instead of the Higgs boson the $σ$ meson is the mediating particle. Though already discovered in 1957 by Schwinger, the $σ$ meson has been integrated out in many theories of hadron properties because it had not been observed and was doubted to exist. With the observation of the $σ$ meson in recent experiments on Compton scattering by the nucleon at MAMI (Mainz) it has become timely to review the status of experimental and theoretical researches on this topic.
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