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arXiv 1403.7397astro-ph.SR
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NGC 288中的热水平分支星-扩散和层结对其大气参数的影响

Hot horizontal branch stars in NGC 288 - effects of diffusion and stratification on their atmospheric parameters

S. Moehler, S. Dreizler, F. LeBlanc, V. Khalack, G. Michaud, J. Richer, A. V. Sweigart, F. Grundahl

摘要:

NGC 288是一个球状星团,有一个非常发达的蓝色水平分支覆盖着u型跳跃,表明扩散的开始。因此,它非常适合于研究蓝色水平分支(HB)恒星的扩散效应。我们比较观测到的丰度与预测恒星演化模型计算扩散和分层大气模型。我们验证了使用分层模式谱推导大气参数的效果。此外,我们调查的性质,过亮的蓝色HB星周围的u-跳跃。我们定义了一个新的光度指数sz从uvby测量是重力敏感的8000和12000 K之间。利用中等分辨率光谱和Stroemgren测光,我们确定了蓝HB星的大气参数(T_eff,log g)和丰度。我们使用均匀和分层模型光谱进行光谱分析。NGC 288中的热HB星的大气参数和质量显示出在9000 K和14000 K之间的温度下在其他星团中也可以看到的行为。然而,在这个温度范围之外,他们反而遵循在欧米茄Cen中发现的这些恒星的结果。从我们的观测中得到的大多数元素(除了He和P)的丰度都在演化模型所预期的丰度范围内,演化模型考虑了原子扩散的影响,并假设表面混合质量为10^-7 M0。除Mg外,由分层模式大气预测的丰度一般比观察到的要极端得多。当有效温度,表面重力和质量确定分层模型光谱,较热的恒星同意更好地与规范的演化预测。我们的研究结果表明,对解决长期存在的问题,表面重力和质量差异热HB星的明确承诺,但仍需要大量的工作,以达到一个自洽的解决方案。

英文摘要:

NGC288 is a globular cluster with a well-developed blue horizontal branch covering the u-jump that indicates the onset of diffusion. It is therefore well suited to study the effects of diffusion in blue horizontal branch (HB) stars. We compare observed abundances with predictions from stellar evolution models calculated with diffusion and from stratified atmospheric models. We verify the effect of using stratified model spectra to derive atmospheric parameters. In addition, we investigate the nature of the overluminous blue HB stars around the u-jump. We defined a new photometric index sz from uvby measurements that is gravity-sensitive between 8000K and 12000K. Using medium-resolution spectra and Stroemgren photometry, we determined atmospheric parameters (T_eff, log g) and abundances for the blue HB stars. We used both homogeneous and stratified model spectra for our spectroscopic analyses. The atmospheric parameters and masses of the hot HB stars in NGC288 show a behaviour seen also in other clusters for temperatures between 9000K and 14000K. Outside this temperature range, however, they instead follow the results found for such stars in omega Cen. The abundances derived from our observations are for most elements (except He and P) within the abundance range expected from evolutionary models that include the effects of atomic diffusion and assume a surface mixed mass of 10^-7 M0. The abundances predicted by stratified model atmospheres are generally significantly more extreme than observed, except for Mg. When effective temperatures, surface gravities, and masses are determined with stratified model spectra, the hotter stars agree better with canonical evolutionary predictions. Our results show definite promise towards solving the long-standing problem of surface gravity and mass discrepancies for hot HB stars, but much work is still needed to arrive at a self-consistent solution.

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