电子沟道、德布罗意钟和相对论时间算符
Electron channeling, de Broglie's clock and the relativistic time operator
摘要：
硅晶体中的电子沟道效应使人们有可能探测到粒子的“内部时钟”，即具有德布罗意频率的固有振荡。沿主轴方向的传输概率相对于相邻的角度减小，除了在原子行方向上的尖峰。观察到的图案是“W”而不是“U”。这个中心峰归因于被称为“玫瑰花运动”的过程，其中连续原子的交叉将与德布罗意频率相关。一个经典的多重散射计算发现，为了代表实验结果，相互作用频率必须是德布罗意时钟频率的两倍，也就是“Zitterbewegung”频率。在本论文中，观察到的特性，这个过程被证明是一致的自由粒子量子力学运动所描述的狄拉克的哈密顿量，虽然与有效质量产生的相互作用与晶体原子。自伴动态时间算子的引入提供了与内部“系统时间”德布罗意时钟的连接。
英文摘要：
Electron channeling in silicon crystals has brought forward the possibility of having detected a particle's "internal clock", as an intrinsic oscillation with de Broglie's frequency. The transmission probability along a major axial direction is reduced with respect to neighboring angles, except for a sharp peak at the atomic row direction. The pattern observed is a "W" instead of a "U". This central peak is attributed to a process known as "rosette motion", in which the crossing of successive atoms would be related to the de Broglie frequency. A classical multiple scattering calculation found that, to represent the experimental results, the interaction frequency had to be about twice the de Broglie's clock frequency; that is, the "Zitterbewegung" frequency. In the present paper, the observed characteristics of this process are shown to be consistent with a free particle quantum mechanical motion described by Dirac's Hamiltonian, albeit with an effective mass resulting from the interaction with the crystal atoms. The introduction of a self-adjoint dynamic time operator provides the connection with an internal "system time", the de Broglie clock.
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