鸣禽脑血流动力学的时间分辨和光谱分辨光学成像研究
Time-resolved and spectral-resolved optical imaging to study brain hemodynamics in songbirds
摘要：
与关于哺乳动物脑氧动力学及其解偶联的激烈争论相反，对鸟类知之甚少。在斑胸草雀，皮秒光学断层扫描（POT）与白色激光和条纹相机可以测量体内氧合血红蛋白（HbO 2）和脱氧血红蛋白（Hb）浓度的变化后，生理刺激（熟悉的呼叫和歌曲）。POT显示出足够的亚微摩尔灵敏度，以250 μm的分辨率分辨海马和听觉前脑区域的快速变化。时间过程包括：（i）早期2 s长事件，Hb和HbO 2显著降低，分别为-0.7 μMoles/L和-0.9 μMoles/L;（ii）随后血氧可用性增加，HbO 2达到平台（+0.3 μMoles/L）;（iii）刺激结束后立即发生明显的血管舒张事件。我们的工作发现之一是先前在鸟类中发表的血氧水平依赖（BOLD）信号与我们的结果之间的直接联系。此外，早期血管收缩事件和刺激后振铃似乎在鸟类中比在哺乳动物中更明显。这些结果在鸟类，一种具有长寿命的快速代谢脊椎动物中，可能会产生新的见解，例如大脑老化。
英文摘要：
Contrary to the intense debate about brain oxygen dynamics and its uncoupling in mammals, very little is known in birds. In zebra finches, picosecond optical tomography (POT) with a white laser and a streak camera can measure in vivo oxy-hemoglobin (HbO2) and deoxy-hemoglobin (Hb) concentration changes following physiological stimulation (familiar calls and songs). POT demonstrated sufficient sub-micromolar sensitivity to resolve the fast changes in hippocampus and auditory forebrain areas with 250 μm resolution. The time-course is composed of (i) an early 2s-long event with a significant decrease in Hb and HbO2, respectively -0.7 μMoles/L and -0.9 μMoles/L (ii) a subsequent increase in blood oxygen availability with a plateau of HbO2 (+0.3 μMoles/L) and (iii) pronounced vasodilatation events immediately following the end of the stimulus. One of the findings of our work is the direct link between the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals previously published in birds and our results. Furthermore, the early vasoconstriction event and post-stimulus ringing seem to be more pronounced in birds than in mammals. These results in bird, a tachymetabolic vertebrate with a long lifespan, can potentially yield new insights for example in brain aging.
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