Cubicity of a graph $G$ is the smallest dimension $d$, for which $G$ is a unit disc graph in ${\mathbb{R}}^d$, under the $l^\infty$ metric, i.e. $G$ can be represented as an intersection graph of $d$-dimensional (axis-parallel) unit hypercubes. We call such an intersection representation a $d$-dimensional cube representation of $G$. Computing cubicity is known to be inapproximable in polynomial time, within an $O(n^{1-ε})$ factor for any $ε>0$, unless NP=ZPP.
In this paper, we present a randomized algorithm that runs in polynomial time and computes cube representations of trees, of dimension within a constant factor of the optimum. It is also shown that the cubicity of trees can be approximated within a constant factor in deterministic polynomial time, if the cube representation is not required to be computed. As far as we know, this is the first constant factor approximation algorithm for computing the cubicity of trees. It is not yet clear whether computing the cubicity of trees is NP-hard or not.
The complexity of approximating averages on bounded-degree graphs
我们证明了,除非P=NP,有没有多项式时间算法近似在一些乘法常数的平均大小的独立集的最大程度6图。这是一个特殊的情况下,一个更一般的结果,为硬核模型定义的独立集加权参数$λ>0$。在一般设置中,我们证明,除非P=NP,所有$Δ\geq 3$,所有$λ>λ_c(Δ)$,有没有FPTAS适用于所有的最大程度$Δ$图计算的平均大小的独立集的吉布斯分布,其中$λ_c(Δ)$是临界点的唯一性/非唯一性相变的$Δ$ -正则树。此外,我们证明了$λ$在这个非唯一性区域的稠密集的问题是NP-困难的一些常数因子内近似。我们的工作扩展到反铁磁伊辛模型,并推广到所有的2-自旋反铁磁模型,建立计算的平均磁化强度在树的非唯一性区域的难度。此前,Schulman,Sinclair和Srivastava(2015)表明,精确计算平均磁化强度是#P-hard,但没有近似结果的硬度。Sly(2010)和Sly and Sun(2014)近似配分函数的困难结果并不意味着计算平均值的困难。在我们的减少新的成分是一个复杂的结构对根树的边际分布在根同意,但他们的衍生物不同意。主要的技术贡献是控制什么边际分布和导数是可实现的,并使用柯西函数方程来论证小工具的存在。