物种竞争中的自定域态
Self-localized states in species competition
摘要：
我们研究的条件下，物种的相互作用，所描述的连续版本的竞争性Lotka-Volterra模型（即非本地Kolmogorov-Fisher模型，及其微分近似），可以支持存在的本地化状态，即补丁的物种与增强人口包围在生态位空间中的物种在较小的密度。这些状态将产生于物种的相互作用，而不是任何偏好的生态位位置或更好的适应性。与以前的工作相比，我们只包括二次非线性，使本地化补丁出现在均匀分布的物种共存的背景下，而不是在顶部的无物种空状态。对于微分模型，我们发现并详细描述了稳定的局域态。然而，对于完整的非局部模型，竞争性相互作用本身不允许观察自定位状态的条件，我们展示了如何包含额外的促进相互作用导致它们的出现。
英文摘要：
We study the conditions under which species interaction, as described by continuous versions of the competitive Lotka-Volterra model (namely the nonlocal Kolmogorov-Fisher model, and its differential approximation), can support the existence of localized states, i.e. patches of species with enhanced population surrounded in niche space by species at smaller densities. These states would arise from species interaction, and not by any preferred niche location or better fitness. In contrast to previous works we include only quadratic nonlinearities, so that the localized patches appear on a background of homogeneously distributed species coexistence, instead than on top of the no-species empty state. For the differential model we find and describe in detail the stable localized states. For the full nonlocal model, however competitive interactions alone do not allow the conditions for the observation of self-localized states, and we show how the inclusion of additional facilitative interactions lead to the appearance of them.
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