没有证据表明natural selection在消除欧洲人的有害突变方面不如西非人有效
No evidence that natural selection has been less effective at removing deleterious mutations in Europeans than in West Africans
摘要：
非非洲人口在与西非人分离后经历了重大瓶颈，这导致了一种假设，即自然选择去除弱有害突变的效果可能在非非洲人中较低。为了直接验证这一假设，我们测量了不同人类中有害突变的每基因组积累。我们没有发现任何显著的差异，但发现古代丹尼索瓦人以比现代人更高的速度积累了非同义突变，这与现代人和古代人的分离时间较长一致。我们还重新审视了经验模式，这些模式被解释为非非洲人比西非人更有效地去除有害突变的证据，并表明它们不是由人口分离后的选择差异驱动的，而是由中性进化驱动的。
英文摘要：
Non-African populations have experienced major bottlenecks in the time since their split from West Africans, which has led to the hypothesis that natural selection to remove weakly deleterious mutations may have been less effective in non-Africans. To directly test this hypothesis, we measure the per-genome accumulation of deleterious mutations across diverse humans. We fail to detect any significant differences, but find that archaic Denisovans accumulated non-synonymous mutations at a higher rate than modern humans, consistent with the longer separation time of modern and archaic humans. We also revisit the empirical patterns that have been interpreted as evidence for less effective removal of deleterious mutations in non-Africans than in West Africans, and show they are not driven by differences in selection after population separation, but by neutral evolution.
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