爱因斯坦对动态稳态宇宙的失败尝试
Einstein's aborted attempt at a dynamic steady-state universe
摘要：
在1930年6月爱因斯坦访问剑桥，他留在爱丁顿谁刚刚表明，爱因斯坦的所谓静态宇宙1917年是不稳定的。这迫使爱因斯坦重新思考他的宇宙学。1931年1月和2月，他在帕萨迪纳度过。在那里，他与托尔曼激烈地讨论了宇宙学，意识到他必须取代他1917年的原始模型。然而，到2月底，他仍然没有决定是否采取其他办法。耶路撒冷的阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦档案馆（AEA）保存着一份未注明日期的草稿，由爱因斯坦手写，我将日期定在1931年1月初。在这份草稿中，爱因斯坦希望找到宇宙学问题的解决方案：一个处于膨胀中的静止、动态的宇宙。他的模型是静止的，因为离开给定体积的粒子被真空中产生的粒子所取代，这是邦迪、戈尔德和霍伊尔在1948年发表的一个想法。他把宇宙项看作是能量库。然而，他意识到他的计算包含一个数字错误。当错误被纠正时，他的稳态模型崩溃了。
英文摘要：
In June 1930 Einstein visited Cambridge where he stayed with Eddington who had just shown that Einstein's supposedly static universe of 1917 was not stable. This forced Einstein to rethink his cosmology. He spent January and February 1931 at Pasadena. There, he discussed cosmology intensely with Tolman, conscious that he had to replace his original model of 1917. However, at the end of February he still had not made up his mind about an alternative. The Albert Einstein Archives of Jerusalem (AEA) hold an undated draft, handwritten by Einstein, which I date to the beginning of January 1931. In this draft Einstein hopes to have found a solution to the cosmological problem: a stationary, dynamic universe in expansion. His model was stationary because particles leaving a given volume were replaced by particles created out of the vacuum, anticipating an idea of Bondi, Gold and Hoyle published in 1948. He saw the cosmological term as energy reservoir. However, he realised that his calculations contained a numerical error. When the error was corrected his steady-state-model collapsed.
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