重离子的能量沉积：在CaF2上形成小丘的动力学和potential energy贡献的加和性
Energy deposition by heavy ions: Additivity of kinetic and potential energy contributions in hillock formation on CaF2
摘要：
利用中能（3和5 MeV）高电荷态离子（Xe 19 +~ Xe 30+）和快（动能在12 ~ 58 MeV）重离子，研究了单离子撞击CaF 2晶体表面纳米小丘的形成。对于非常慢的高电荷离子，小丘的出现被认为与势能阈值有关，而对于快速重离子，最小的电子能量损失是必要的。通过我们的研究结果，我们弥合了这两种极端情况之间的差距，并证明，随着通过电子能量损失增加能量沉积，可以大大降低小丘生产的势能阈值。令人惊讶的是，这两种机制的能量沉积在目标表面似乎有助于添加剂的方式，如图中的相图中的结果时所示。我们表明，非弹性热峰模型，最初开发的快速重离子描述这样的材料修改，可以扩展到动能和势能沉积到表面的情况下。
英文摘要：
The formation of nano-hillocks on CaF2 crystal surfaces by individual ion impact has been studied using medium energy (3 and 5 MeV) highly charged ions (Xe19+ to Xe30+) as well as swift (kinetic energies between 12 and 58 MeV) heavy ions. For very slow highly charged ions the appearance of hillocks is known to be linked to a threshold in potential energy while for swift heavy ions a minimum electronic energy loss is necessary. With our results we bridge the gap between these two extreme cases and demonstrate, that with increasing energy deposition via electronic energy loss the potential energy threshold for hillock production can be substantially lowered. Surprisingly, both mechanisms of energy deposition in the target surface seem to contribute in an additive way, as demonstrated when plotting the results in a phase diagram. We show that the inelastic thermal spike model, originally developed to describe such material modifications for swift heavy ions, can be extended to case where kinetic and potential energies are deposited into the surface.
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