arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1402.3755astro-ph.COhep-ph
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熵宇宙学中的宇宙演化

Evolution of the universe in entropic cosmologies via different formulations

Nobuyoshi Komatsu, Shigeo Kimura

摘要:

我们研究了两种类型的熵力模型在一个均匀的,各向同性的,空间平坦的,物质主导的宇宙。第一种是类似于$Λ(t)$ CDM(变λ冷暗物质)模型的“$Λ(t)$型”,其中弗里德曼方程和加速度方程都包括额外的驱动项。第二种类型是一个“BV型”类似于散装粘性模型,其中的加速度方程包括一个额外的驱动项,而弗里德曼方程没有。为了系统地研究这两种类型,我们考虑一个扩展的熵力模型,其中包括一个哈勃参数($H$)项和一个常数项的熵力条款。$H$项从体积熵导出,而常数项从与面积熵的平方成比例的熵导出。在扩展的熵力模型的基础上,我们研究了将$H$和常数项与$Λ(t)$和BV类型相结合得到的四个模型。这四个模型与观测到的超新星数据符合得很好,并恰当地描述了宇宙晚期的背景演化。然而,一阶密度扰动的演变是不同的,在四个模型中,特别是对于低红移,假设一个有效的声速是可以忽略的。发现$Λ(t)$类型与观察到的聚集性增长率一致,与本研究中检查的BV类型相反。为了系统地研究这两种类型的密度扰动,还提出了一个统一的公式。

英文摘要:

We study two types of entropic-force models in a homogeneous, isotropic, spatially flat, matter-dominated universe. The first type is a `$Λ(t)$ type' similar to $Λ(t)$CDM (varying-lambda cold dark matter) models in which both the Friedmann equation and the acceleration equation include an extra driving term. The second type is a `BV type' similar to bulk viscous models in which the acceleration equation includes an extra driving term whereas the Friedmann equation does not. In order to examine the two types systematically, we consider an extended entropic-force model that includes a Hubble parameter ($H$) term and a constant term in entropic-force terms. The $H$ term is derived from a volume entropy whereas the constant term is derived from an entropy proportional to the square of an area entropy. Based on the extended entropic-force model, we examine four models obtained from combining the $H$ and constant terms with the $Λ(t)$ and BV types. The four models agree well with the observed supernova data and describe the background evolution of the late universe properly. However, the evolution of first-order density perturbations is different in each of the four models, especially for low redshift, assuming that an effective sound speed is negligible. The $Λ(t)$ type is found to be consistent with the observed growth rate of clustering, in contrast with the BV type examined in this study. A unified formulation is proposed as well, in order to examine density perturbations of the two types systematically.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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